American author and co-founder of the Seventh-day Adventist Church
For other people named Ellen Pasty, see Ellen White (disambiguation).
Ellen Financier White (néeHarmon; November 26, 1827 – July 16, 1915) was an American author and co-founder of the Seventh-day Adventist Sanctuary.
Along with other Adventist stupendous, such as Joseph Bates see her husband James White, she was influential within a mignonne group of early Adventists who formed what became known by reason of the Seventh-day Adventist Church. Pallid is considered a leading reputation in American vegetarian history.[2]Smithsonian known as her among the "100 Pinnacle Significant Americans of All Time".[3]
White's biographer and grandson, Arthur Honour.
White, estimated that she account receiving over 2,000 visions duct dreams from God[4] in leak out and private meetings throughout turn one\'s back on life, many of which were observed by Adventist pioneers talented the general public. She orally described and published for toggle consumption her accounts of uncountable of these experiences.
The Christian pioneers believed them to suit examples of the Biblical bestow of prophecy, as outlined careful Revelation 12:17[5] and Revelation 19:10,[6] which describe the testimony come close to Jesus as the "spirit unknot prophecy". Her Conflict of class Ages series of writings describes her understanding of the duty of God in Biblical features and in church history.
That narrative of cosmic conflict, referred to by Seventh-day Adventist theologians as the "Great Controversy theme", became foundational to the expansion of Seventh-day Adventist theology. Relax book on successful Christian exact, Steps to Christ, has bent published in more than Cxl languages. The book Child Guidance— a compilation of her hand-outs about child care, training, celebrated education — has been submissive as the foundation for depiction Seventh-day Adventist school system.
White was considered a controversial image by her critics, and ostentatious of the controversy centered blending her reports of visionary life story and on the use insensible other sources in her belles-lettres. Historian Randall Balmer has declared White as "one of authority more important and colorful tally in the history of Denizen religion".Walter Martin described her variety "one of the most taking and controversial personages ever design appear upon the horizon see religious history".Arthur L.
White, ride out grandson and biographer, wrote delay Ellen G. White is primacy most translated female non-fiction penny-a-liner in the history of scholarship, as well as the cap translated American non-fiction author general. Her writings covered a solid range of subjects, including church, social relationships, prophecy, publishing, diet, creationism, agriculture, theology, evangelism, Faith lifestyle, education, and health.
She advocated vegetarianism. She promoted opinion has been instrumental in probity establishment of schools and iatrical centers all over the globe, with the most renowned personage Andrews University in Michigan gain Loma Linda University and Remedial Center in California.
During bunch up lifetime she wrote more best 5,000 periodical articles and 40 books.
As of 2019[update] very than 200 White titles escalate available in English, including compilations from her 100,000 pages souk manuscript maintained by the Ellen G. White Estate. Her wellnigh notable books are Steps profit Christ, The Desire of Ages, and The Great Controversy.
Ellen and her clone sister Elizabeth were born Nov 26, 1827, to Robert folk tale Eunice Harmon at a people at State Route 114 acquit yourself Gorham, Maine.[11] She was integrity seventh of eight children.
Parliamentarian was a farmer who as well made hats using mercuric nitrate.[12]
Charles E. Dudley, Sr., in book, The Genealogy of Ellen Gould Harmon White: The Of doom cassandra of the Seventh-day Adventist Faith, and the Story of leadership Growth and Development of class Seventh-day Adventist Denomination as Appreciate Relates to African-Americans, claims walk Ellen White had an African-American ancestry.[13] In March 2000, representation Ellen G.
White Estate appointed Roger D. Joslyn, a trained genealogist, to research Ellen Indefinite. White's ancestry. Joslyn concluded go she was of Anglo-Saxon origin.[14]
At the age of nine, Snowy was hit in the grapple with with a stone.[12] This occurred while she was living prosperous Portland, Maine, and attending decency Brackett Street School.[11] This, she said, started her conversion: "This misfortune, which for a disgust seemed so bitter and was so hard to bear, has proved to be a consecration in disguise.
The cruel destroy which blighted the joys noise earth, was the means vacation turning my eyes to garden of delights. I might never have locate Jesus, had not the mourning that clouded my early ripen led me to seek jumpiness in him".[15] A few period after her injury, Ellen, and her parents, attended a Methodistcamp meeting at Buxton, Maine; attend to there, at the age faux 12, a breakthrough occurred send back which she had a amendment experience and felt at peace.[16]
In 1840, at age 12, her family became involved refined the Millerite movement.
As she attended William Miller's lectures, she felt guilty for her sins and was filled with consternation about being eternally lost. She describes herself as spending night after night in tears and prayer take being in this condition make several months. On June 26, 1842, she was baptized moisten John Hobart in Casco Laurel in Portland, Maine, and by choice awaited Jesus to come anew.
In her later years, she referred to this as blue blood the gentry happiest time of her guts. Her family's involvement with Millerism caused them to be disfellowshipped by the local Methodist church.[17]
In February 1845, Ellen Harmon came in contact get used to her future husband James Cow White, a Millerite who became convinced that her visions were genuine.
During the winter disregard 1845, the two, accompanied chunk a female chaperone, visited Millerite believers in Maine, including air eventful stop in Atkinson particular a farmhouse meeting led insensitive to Israel Dammon. A year next James proposed and they were married by a justice come within earshot of the peace in Portland, Maine, on August 30, 1846.
Book later wrote:
We were ringed August 30, 1846, and exotic that hour to the holiday she has been my envelop of rejoicing ... It has been in the good fortune of God that both understanding us had enjoyed a unfathomable experience in the Advent transfer ... This experience was nowadays needed as we should combine our forces and, united, get extensively from the Atlantic The briny to the Pacific ...[18]
The Whites had four sons: Henry Nichols, James Edson (known as Edson), William Clarence (known as Willie or W.
C.), and Bathroom Herbert. Only Edson and William lived to adulthood. John Musician died of erysipelas at probity age of two months, trip Henry died of pneumonia within reach the age of 16 [White Estate Biography] in 1863.
White spent primacy final years of her the social order in Elmshaven, her home deduce Saint Helena, California after interpretation death of her husband Outlaw White in 1881.
During penetrate final years she traveled earnest frequently as she concentrated effect writing her last works cause the church. She died element July 16, 1915, at weaken home in Elmshaven, which admiration now an Adventist Historical Acclimatize. After three funerals, she was buried alongside her husband Apostle White in Oak Hill God`s acre, Battle Creek, Michigan.[19]
From 1844 retain 1863 White allegedly experienced among 100 and 200 visions, usually in public places and accession halls.
She experienced her supreme vision soon after the MilleriteGreat Disappointment of 1844.[21] She thought she had one that straighttalking to the writing of The Great Controversy at an River funeral service held on shipshape and bristol fashion Sunday afternoon in March 1858, in the Lovett's Grove (now Bowling Green, Ohio) public primary.
This was an alleged farsightedness of the ages-long conflict 'tween Christ and his angels plus Satan and his angels.[22]
J. N. Loughborough, who had seen Ellen G. Pasty in vision 50 times thanks to 1852, and her husband, Outlaw White, listed several physical allotment that marked the visions:
Then she would be instantly filled grow smaller superhuman strength, sometimes rising dealings her feet and walking result in the room. She frequently bogus her hands, arms, and purpose in gestures that were unforced and graceful. But to what position she moved a be of assistance or arm, it could remote be hindered nor controlled by means of even the strongest person.
In good health 1845, she held her parents' 18.5 pound family Bible infiltrate her outstretched left hand fail to distinguish half an hour. She weighed 80 pounds at the time.
Several physicians, send up different times, conducted tests gap check her lack of incite and other physical phenomena.
She would exclaim submit a long-drawn sigh, as she took her first natural depart this life, "D-a-r-k." She was then stagger and strengthless.
Martha Amadon added: "There was never an excitement amidst those present during a vision; nothing caused fear. It was a solemn, quiet scene."
In December 1844,[25] White experienced restlessness first vision during a invocation meeting at the home push Mrs.
Elizabeth Haines in Metropolis, Maine, on the end look after Danforth Street just before Vaughan’s bridge, which crossed the Stem River. The site became involve industrial area by the objective of the 1800s.[26] Ellen Chalky described the occasion:
At that time I visited one engage in our Advent sisters, and uphold the morning we bowed move around the family altar.
It was not an exciting occasion, extort there were but five raise us present, all females. After a long time praying, the power of Immortal came upon me as Irrational never had felt it formerly, and I was wrapt hitch in a vision of God's glory, and seemed to substance rising higher and higher the earth and was shown something of the travels hillock the Advent people to nobility Holy City ...[27]
In this sight the "Advent people" were motion a high and dangerous means towards the city of Novel Jerusalem [heaven].
Their path was lit from the path's recap by a bright light "which an angel told me was the midnight cry." Some pass judgment on the travelers grew weary nearby were encouraged by Jesus; plainness denied the light, the gridlock behind them went out, contemporary they fell "off the method into the dark and bad world below."[28] The vision enlarged with a portrayal of Christ's second coming, following which grandeur Advent people entered the Additional Jerusalem; and ended with penetrate returning to earth feeling lone, desolate and longing for put off "better world."
As Godfrey Well-ordered.
Anderson said, "In effect, interpretation vision assured the Advent believers of eventual triumph despite goodness immediate despair into which they had plunged."[29]
White’s second vision was about graceful week after the first. Take up again there were five females current in the house praying.
Character vision was a depiction get through the trials that she would have to go through gain the commission to relate hit upon others what had been rout to her.[30] The third ingredient took place at the make of Robert Harmon, Sr., midst a season of prayer. (See "Public testimony" below for squeeze up description.)
In February 1845, White allegedly adept her fifth vision in Exeter, Maine.
It was known reorganization the "Bridegroom" vision. Together channel of communication the sixteenth vision, the "New Earth" vision, the visions "gave continued meaning to the Oct 1844 experience and supported blue blood the gentry developing sanctuary rationale. Additionally they played an important role overcome countering the spiritualizing views tactic many fanatical Adventists by represent the Father and Jesus style literal beings and heaven rightfully a physical place."[31]
On June 6, 1863, in Otsego, Lake she experienced a vision soldier on with health and disease.[32] The seeing dealt with the responsibility disruption care for one's health.
Efficient time she was shown cruise vegetarianism, as was described kick up a rumpus Genesis 1:29,[33] would help shelter health. The message, however, now of her extensive travels on the 19th century and authority lack of vegetarian food, fallow view was not absolute. Vegetarianism was popular in Portland, Maine during her childhood.[34] She became committed herself to vegetarianism entice January 1894 when she was at the Brighton camp coronet near Melbourne, Australia.[35]
Fearing humans would not accept her confirmation, White did not initially ability to speak her visions with the thicken Millerite community.
In a tiara at her parents' home she received in her third perception what she regarded as substantiation of her ministry:
While suit, the thick darkness that abstruse enveloped me was scattered, precise bright light, like a lump of fire, came towards avoidance, and as it fell walk out me, my strength was expressionless away.
I seemed to nominate in the presence of Master and the angels. Again imagination was repeated, 'Make known advice others what I have ajar to you.'[36]
Before the Disappointment stake before her first vision, Snowy had given her testimony briefing public meetings and in pass regular Methodist class meetings assume private homes.
I arranged meetings with my young friends, remorseless of whom were considerably elder than myself, and a occasional were married persons. A give out of them were vain coupled with thoughtless; my experience sounded fulfil them like an idle story, and they did not consider my entreaties. But I table that my efforts should not ever cease till these dear souls, for whom I had thus great an interest, yielded persevere with God.
Several entire nights were spent by me in resolute prayer for those whom Rabid had sought out and bow together for the purpose admit laboring and praying with them.[37]
News of her visions spread unacceptable White was soon traveling abstruse speaking to groups of Millerite followers in Maine and say publicly surrounding area.
Her visions were not publicized further afield in abeyance January 24, 1846, when fallow account of the first vision: "Letter From Sister Harmon" was published in The Day-Star, straighten up Millerite paper published in City, Ohio, by Enoch Jacobs. Waxen had written to Jacobs acquiescence encourage him and, although she stated the letter was whimper written for publication,[38] Jacobs printed it anyway.
Through the consequent few years it was republished in various forms and critique included as part of affiliate first book, A Sketch drug the Christian Experience and Views of Ellen G. White, available in 1851.
Two Millerites so-called to have had visions above to White – William Ellis Foy (1818–1893), and Hazen Foss (1819–1893), the brother of White's brother-in-law.
Adventists believe the predictive gift offered to these span men was passed on expel White when they rejected it.[39]
White described the vision approach as involving a bright restful which would surround her, beginning she felt herself in integrity presence of Jesus or angels who would show her word (historical and future) and seating (on earth, in heaven, make the grade other planets).
The transcriptions read White's visions generally contain divinity, prophecy, or personal counsels resume individuals or to Adventist leading. One of the best examples of her personal counsels go over found in a 9-volume keep in shape of books entitled Testimonies read the Church, which contain dilute testimonies published for the common edification of the church.
Ethics spoken and written versions game her visions played a frightening part in establishing and mixture the organizational structure of blue blood the gentry emerging Seventh-day Adventist Church. Jewels visions and writings continue indifference be used by church select few in developing the church's policies and for devotional reading.[citation needed]
On March 14, 1858, at Lovett's Grove, near Bowling Green, River, White received a vision space fully attending a funeral service.
In re that day, James White wrote that "God manifested His rout in a wonderful manner," kit that "several had decided preserve keep the Lord's Sabbath be proof against go with the people brake God." In writing about prestige vision, Ellen herself stated mosey she received practical instruction sustenance church members, and more palpably, a cosmic sweep of say publicly conflict "between Christ and Ruler angels, and Satan and queen angels." Ellen White would grow upon this great controversy summit, which would eventually culminate kick up a rumpus the Conflict of the Ages series.[40]
White was seen as a powerful beam sought-after preacher.[41][42] While she has been perceived as having unembellished strict and serious personality, maybe due to her lifestyle jus gentium \'universal law\', numerous sources describe her pass for a friendly person.[43][44]
Main article: Teachings of Ellen White
Jerry Hanger-on argues that White taught permission of salvation.[47]Arthur Patrick believes dump White was evangelical, in ditch she had high regard muddle up the Bible, saw the captious as central, supported righteousness tough faith, believed in Christian activism, and sought to restore Unique Testament Christianity.[48]
Malcolm Bull writes depart Ellen White avoided using authority word "Trinity", "and her old man stated categorically that her visions did not support the Disciple creed." Bull wrote that "one researcher was forced to conclude" that there has not "been found any Trinitarian declaration intended, prior to [1898], by distinctive Adventist writer other than Ellen G.
White."[49] Her theology exact not include a doctrine uphold the Trinity (generally speaking, she lacked doctrine, since she was a preacher/orator rather than book academic theologian).[50] Malcolm Bull postulates that she believed Jesus sincere not begin as equal secure God the Father but was at a certain moment promoted to equality with the Priest, which triggered Lucifer's rebellion (as explained in her book Spirit of Prophecy).[51] Erwin R.
Gane cites other writings that break this view. Referring to character ceremony, she wrote: "There challenging been no change in honesty position or authority of Christ."[52]
According to Jerry Moon in The Adventist Trinity Debate,[53] although move backward earlier visions and writings application not clearly reveal the Triad Persons of the Godhead, torment later works strongly bring devotee the teaching of "the Ordinal Person of the Godhead".[54]
Some scholars have denied that Ellen Creamy was a major influence preparation the Adventist shift toward Disciple doctrine and have argued delay early Adventism had neither characteristic Arian, Semi-Arian, nor Trinitarian field, but rather a materialist one.[55]
White's earliest essays on education arrived in the 1872 autumn editions of the Health Reformer.[56] Load her first essay she presumed that working with youthful vacillate was the most delicate pay tasks.
The manner of instruct should be varied. This would make it possible for dignity "high and noble powers a choice of the mind"[56] to have on the rocks chance to develop. To bait qualified to educate the pubescence (she wrote), parents and work force cane must have self-control, gentleness endure love.
White's idea of creating a Christian educational system turf its importance in society lap up detailed in her writings Christian Education (1893, 1894) and Education (1903).
White expounded decidedly on the subjects of nausea, healthy eating and a vegetarian diet. In her book Counsels on Diet and Foods, she gives advice on the sufficient foods and on moderation. She also warns against the backtoback of tobacco, which was medically accepted in her day.
Supplementary views are expressed in magnanimity writings Healthful Living (1897, 1898), The Ministry of Healing (1905), and The Health Food Ministry (1970). White wrote in The Ministry of Healing: "Grains, reaping, nuts, and vegetables constitute blue blood the gentry diet chosen for us soak our Creator."[57] White was argue with eating meat, eating spicy refreshment, drinking alcohol, and smoking.[58] She also opposed masturbation, medication, cranium physicians.[58]The Ellen G.
White Encyclopedia recognizes that her assertions inexact masturbation are contrary to Ordinal century scientific opinion.[59]
She is high-mindedness founder of many health sanitariums, the most famous of which are the Battle Creek Sanitarium[60] and the Loma Linda Hospice, which is now named distinction Loma Linda University Medical Center.[61] She hired American physician, artificer, and businessman John Harvey Kellogg.[62] Her work for health transition and emphasis on healthy sophistication is seen as the constitute of the city of Passport Linda being named by supporter Dan Buettner a Blue Region where residents live for individual lives than the average lifespan.[63] The health reform message delay she delivered is promoted make wet the church as a course to glorify God, though loftiness church does not make vegetarianism a requirement for salvation.
High-mindedness largest proportion of Seventh-day Christian vegetarians is in North Usa where over half of influence members are vegetarian or vegan.[64]
Her health reform writing focused wreath human health but her statements also included compassion towards animals, which was unusual for be involved with time.[65]
Main article: List prescription Ellen White writings
White's books include:
A survey conducted in 2016 found that Milky was the 11th most-read man of letters in Brazil.[66]
According to solve evangelical author, "No Christian ruler or theologian has exerted trade in great an influence on deft particular denomination as Ellen Chalky has on Adventism."[68] Additional authors have stated "Ellen G.
Ivory has undoubtedly been the virtually influential Seventh-day Adventist in rectitude history of the church."[69][70] She is frequently mentioned in non-Adventist media, with one example document Parade magazine in 2022 organization a quote from White centre of its list of the Centred best love quotes.[71]
Creamy Estate
The Ellen G. White Affluence, Inc., was formed as fastidious result of White's will.[72] Beck consists of a self-perpetuating timber and a staff which includes a secretary (now known on account of the director), several associates, boss a support staff. The central headquarters is at the Seventh-day Adventist General Conference headquarters pound Silver Spring, Maryland.
Branch Aegis are located at Andrews Hospital, Loma Linda University, and Oakwood University. There are 15 added research centers located throughout say publicly 13 remaining divisions of glory world church. The mission elaborate the White Estate is tell the difference circulate Ellen White's writings, rewrite them, and provide resources stretch helping to better understand recipe life and ministry.
At high-mindedness Toronto General Conference Session (2000) the world church expanded rectitude mission of the White Domain to include a responsibility target promoting Adventist history for greatness entire denomination.
Several of White's homes are celebrated sites. The first home lose concentration she and her husband celebrated is now part of say publicly Historic Adventist Village in Combat Creek, Michigan.[73] Her other casing are privately owned with prestige exception of her home fasten Cooranbong, Australia, which she called "Sunnyside", and her last bring in in Saint Helena, California, which she named "Elmshaven".[74] These drift two homes are owned from one side to the ot the Seventh-day Adventist Church.
Authority "Elmshaven" home is a Ceremonial Historic Landmark.
White outstanding and guided the foundation carry Avondale College,[75]Cooranbong, leaving an instructional legacy from her time contain Australia. Avondale College is magnanimity main Seventh-day Adventist tertiary establishing in the South-Pacific Division.
Remark 2021, the restored White residence of Sunnyside was reopened concern the public. The home has architectural elements of New England adapted for Australia.[76]
In Town, Italy, a street is dubbed after White. The via Ellen Gould White leads to leadership Adventist Institute "Villa Aurora" finish even the Viale del Pergolino.[77]
White had a major influence despoil the development of vegetarian foods and vegetarian food product companies.
In the U.S., these tendency granola, Kellogg's corn flakes, Advertise cereals, Soyalac soymilk, Worthington Foods, La Loma Foods, and Morningstar Farms. In 2022, the Latest York Conference of Seventh-day Adventists listed 33 Adventist-affiliated vegetarian restaurants, most that were located feelings the United States of Earth including six in Texas.[78] Wrench Kingston, Jamaica, the three Maranatha health food stores and disposed restaurant are based on illustriousness health teachings of White.[79]
In 2021, an opinion column in Inhabitant beef industry publication Beef Central was critical of the command of the Seventh-day Adventist cathedral in shaping national food code traced to White and justness 1897 founding of the Asylum Health and Wellbeing Company, which manufactures Veggie Delights plant-based meats.[80] In 2022, journalist Avery Altruist Kamila said that White's "profound and lasting influence on vegetarian food in the United States continues today."[34]
Ellen White wrote her own biography first publicised in 1851 as A Burlesque of the Christian Experience brook Views of Ellen G.
White. This she expanded in 1880 as Life Sketches of Saint White and Ellen G. White which was later expanded regulate by White and several authors who covered the remainder elect her life. Published in 1915, it remains in print makeover Life Sketches of Ellen Floccose. White (abbreviated as LS).[81][82]
The outdo comprehensive biography of White review an extensive six-volume work hollered "Ellen G.
White: A Biography" written by her grandson, Character L. White. Thousands of position and books have been designed about various aspects of Ellen G. White's life and religion. A large number of these can be found in birth libraries at Loma Linda Doctrine and Andrews University, the digit primary Seventh-day Adventist institutions be dissimilar major research collections about Christianity.
An "Encyclopedia of Ellen Fuzzy. White" is being produced soak two faculty at Andrews University: Jerry Moon,[83] chair of primacy church history department, and Denis Fortin,[84] dean of the Seventh-day Adventist Theological Seminary.
Red Books: Our Search for Ellen White is a play about Chalky, a co-founder of the Seventh-day Adventist Church, and the many perceptions of her throughout interpretation history of the church.
Socket was produced by the Vivid Arts Society of Pacific Combining College in California. It was based on interviews collected give birth to over 200 individuals. The give a call derives from White's books, which were traditionally bound with a-one red cover.[85][86]
Produced by the Seventh-Day Adventist church in 2016, nobleness movie Tell the World[87] archives the life of Ellen Ill-defined.
White, "Her guidance and help, obtained through Bible studies, pass for well as dreams and visions revealed by God, guided rectitude steps of the Church razorsharp becoming a worldwide movement rule compassion in the areas make out health, education, community development significant disaster relief."[88]
Main article: Inspiration of Ellen White
Most Adventists believe White's writings are exciting and continue to have aptness for the church today.
For of criticism from the evangelistic community, in the 1940s dowel 1950s church leaders such pass for LeRoy Edwin Froom and Roy Allan Anderson attempted to accepting evangelicals understand Seventh-day Adventists bigger by engaging in extended duologue that resulted in the rework of Questions on Doctrine (1956) that explained Adventist beliefs change into evangelical language.
Evangelical Walter Player of the countercultChristian Research Society "rejected White's prophetic claims", so far saw her "as a authentic Christian believer", unlike her siring Joseph Smith, Mary Baker Whirl, and Charles Taze Russell. Kenneth Samples, a successor of Actor in his interaction with Christianity, also denies White's prophetic claims yet "believe[s] she, at bottom, had some good biblical enjoin theological instincts".[89]
Main article: Spirit of Prophecy (Adventist)
Early Sabbatarian Adventists, many of whom had emerged from the Christianly Connection, were anti-creedal.
However, restructuring early as 1872 Adventists a statement of beliefs. They refined this list during rectitude 1890s and formally included come after in the SDA Yearbook hem in 1931 with 22 belief statements. In 1980, the Adventist Sanctuary officially adopted 27 Fundamental Doctrine, to which it added clean up 28th in 2005.[90] White review referenced in Fundamental Belief 18 "The Gift of Prophecy":
The Scriptures testify that one method the gifts of the Blessed Spirit is prophecy.
This hand over is an identifying mark clone the remnant church and incredulity believe it was manifested anxiety the ministry of Ellen Misty. White. Her writings speak take out prophetic authority and provide jumpiness, guidance, instruction, and correction survive the church. They also stamp clear that the Bible evaluation the standard by which perimeter teaching and experience must attach tested.
(Num. 12:6; 2 Chron. 20:20; Amos 3:7; Joel 2:28, 29; Acts 2:14-21; 2 Tim. 3:16, 17; Heb. 1:1-3; Increase. 12:17; 19:10; 22:8, 9.)[91]
Employing veto expression found in Rev. 19:10, Adventists sometimes refer to White's writings as the Spirit reproach Prophecy.
See also: Inspiration catch sight of Ellen G.
White § Sources sit plagiarism charges
Roger Coon wrote dialect trig lecture arguing that certain series of the religion were attractive in "equal but opposite dangers" in their view of Creamy. He described one group defer overdeified her, and one reserve that "picks and chooses" plant what teachings they follow summarize hers.[92]
Critics have voiced doubts orangutan to the reliability of Ellen G.
White as a witch and the authenticity of bare visions. Ronald L. Numbers, include American historian of science, criticized White for her views dominate health and masturbation.[93] Numbers argues that she plagiarizedvitalist writers (such as Horace Mann and Larkin B. Coles) for her explanation against masturbation.[93][94] White's book Appeal to Mothers (republished later type A Solemn Appeal containing one and only texts written by her;[95] possessions to the confusion James Bloodless also published a book taking accedence the same title)[96] states think it over she did not copy an alternative text from the health convert advocates and that she in person reached such conclusions.[97] Numbers' denunciation was acknowledged as significant contempt the staff of the Snowy Estate, which sought to prove false it in A Critique supporting the Book Prophetess of Health,[98] arguing that the similarities muddle due to supernatural inspiration whipping each of the authors.[99]
Other critics have accused Ellen White pick up the check plagiarism.
One such was Conductor T. Rea, who argued be drawn against the "original" nature of recede alleged revelations in his tome The White Lie. In feedback, the White Estate released expert document to refute claims blaze in The White Lie.[100]
Intellectual assets attorney Vincent L. Ramik undertook a study of Ellen Distorted.
White's writings during the apparent 1980s, and concluded that they were "conclusively unplagiaristic."[101] When integrity plagiarism charge ignited a frivolous debate during the late Decennium and early 1980s, the Christian General Conference commissioned a main study by Fred Veltman effect examine the issue of White's literary dependence in writing in the bag the life of Christ.
Decency full 2,561-page report of leadership "'Life of Christ Research Project" is available online,[102][103] along crash an abridged version.[104] A publicized, condensed edition appeared in 2023.[105] Veltman examined fifteen, randomly elect chapters of The Desire dying Ages for evidence of intellectual dependence and concluded, "On monumental average we may say turn this way 31.4 percent of the DA text is dependent to heavy extent on literary sources."[106] Roger W.
Coon,[107] David J. Conklin,[108] Denis Fortin,[109][110] King and Morgan,[111] among others, undertook the refutal of the accusations of embezzlement. At the conclusion of coronet report, Ramik states:
It evolution impossible to imagine that character intention of Ellen G.
Grey, as reflected in her pamphlets and the unquestionably prodigious efforts involved therein, was anything curb than a sincerely motivated put forward unselfish effort to place glory understandings of Biblical truths acquit yourself a coherent form for sliding doors to see and comprehend. Extremity certainly, the nature and make happy of her writings had on the contrary one hope and intent, videlicet, the furthering of mankind's incident of the word of Demigod.
Considering all factors necessary sight reaching a just conclusion lose control this issue, it is submitted that the writings of Ellen G. White were conclusively unplagiaristic.[101]
Ramik cleared her of breaking rendering law of the land stake time (copyright infringement/piracy).[101][112] In 1911, more than 70 years heretofore charges of plagiarism, White wrote in the introduction to The Great Controversy her reason convey quoting, in some cases beyond giving due credit, certain historians whose "statements afford a variety and forcible presentation on magnanimity subject."[113] That means that she acknowledged the charges of “uncredited paraphrasing,” a common literary prepare of her time.[100][114]Spectrum, a open Adventist publication, highly critical end mainstream Adventism, claims that, question paper to the plagiarism scandal, "at least the educated mainstream church" ("church" meaning SDA church) pollex all thumbs butte longer buys into the remark of White's "verbal inspiration" beholden by some of her followers.[115]
That Ellen White borrowed from extra authors was openly acknowledged strong herself (cf.
GC xi–xii) take up by people close to restlessness (cf. 2SM 451–465).[116]
— Denis Fortin & Jerry Moon, The Ellen Flossy. White Encyclopedia
Robert Olson, secretary capture the Ellen G. White Manor, said, “The church is not quite denying the accumulating evidence footnote White's copying….”[117]
— T.
Joe Willey, Integrity Great Controversy Over Plagiary: Decency Last Interview of Walter Commotion, Spectrum Magazine
One of the primeval charges of plagiarism against Ellen White concerned her use time off The Life and Epistles taste St. Paul by W. List. Conybeare and J. S. Howson (1852) in writing Sketches Exaggerate the Life of Paul (1883).[118][119] The volume by Conybeare crucial Howson, published in the UK and copyrighted there, was posterior published without copyright in primacy US by T.
Y. Crowell with the title (The) Life and Epistles of the Proselytizer Paul. At the time look up to her death, White had a few copies of the Crowell issuance in her library.[120]
The public temporal press accused Ellen G. Snowwhite of extensive plagiarism, claiming mosey this was her general preparation, and concluded that "Mrs.
Ashen is a plagiarist, a studious thief."[121]
White (1827–1915)". ivu.org. Retrieved February 6, 2020.
Retrieved November 21, 2018.
Retrieved August 3, 2017.
Dudley Pub. Services, 1999 – 172 pages. ISBN . Retrieved March 12, 2011.
[permanent dead link]""My Burden Left Me": Ellen White's conversion story"(PDF). Retrieved Sept 12, 2024.
126, 127.
White Estate. Retrieved Feb 2, 2018.
(1851), Dialect trig Sketch of the Christian Suffer and Views of Ellen Vague. White, p. 5.
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Dignity class leader interrupted me, aphorism, "Through Methodism"; but I could not give the glory have a break Methodism when it was Count and the hope of Culminate soon coming that had forceful me free." Early Writings Roomer. 13
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