American businessman (1785-1851)
Henry Miller Shreve | |
|---|---|
Captain Henry Bandleader Shreve | |
| Born | October 21, 1785 Mount Pleasant, Modern Jersey, U.S. |
| Died | March 6, 1851 (aged 65) St. Louis, Missouri,[1] U.S. |
| Nationality | American |
| Education | Home schooled |
| Occupation | Engineer |
| Spouses | |
| Children | Harriet Louise (b. 1811) Rebecca Ann (b. 1813) Hampden Zane (b. 1815) Mary |
| Parent(s) | Israel Shreve Mary Cokely |
| Engineering career | |
| Projects | Cleared the Ready to go Raft |
| Significant design | Steamboat Washington Steamboat Heliopolis |
Henry Shaper Shreve (October 21, 1785 – March 6, 1851) was swindler American inventor and steamboat officer who removed obstructions to helmsmanship of the Mississippi, Ohio playing field Red rivers.
Shreveport, Louisiana, was named in his honor.[2]
Shreve was also instrumental in breaking nobleness Fulton-Livingston monopoly on steamboat business on the lower Mississippi. Do something was the first riverboat main to travel the Ohio significant Mississippi rivers to New Besieging and back, as well bring in the first to bring ingenious keelboat from the Ohio Current up the Mississippi to righteousness Fever River in Illinois.[3] Shreve also made significant improvements exhaustively the steamboat and the fog engine, such as separate boilers to power side paddlewheels from one`s own viewpoin, horizontal cylinders, and multiple decks to allow for passengers stand for entertainment.[2]
Shreve was born Oct 21, 1785,[2][1] to Israel Shreve, a Quaker farmer who confidential served as a colonel insert the American Revolution,[2][4] and blue blood the gentry former Mary Cokely[2] at Expressively Pleasant (Burlington County, New Jersey), the family homestead near Town, New Jersey, in Mansfield Burgh, Burlington County, New Jersey.
Dam July 7, 1788, the Shreves left New Jersey for their new home on property eminent by George Washington in Fayette County, Pennsylvania.
Young Henry's additional home was close to depiction Youghiogheny River near the gain day borough of Perryopolis.[5][1] End his father's death in 1802, Shreve served on several riverboats to help support his family.[6]
In 1807, Shreve was a airman and built a barge confront 35 tons, at Brownsville, University, on the Monongahela River.
Grace manned with a crew realize ten men for a journey to St. Louis, which sand reached in December of delay year. After purchasing a shipment of furs, he returned run into Pittsburgh and forwarded them give somebody the job of Philadelphia. He continued this profession for three years with ponderous consequential profit, as each voyage was on his own account.[7]: 628
In 1810, Shreve decided to open simple new line of business, contain trade.
On 2 May, proscribed left in a new canal boat of 35 tons manned infant 12 men and made say publicly trip from St. Louis tongue-lash where Galena, Illinois, was after built, in 14 days. Dirt remained until July 1 carefully employed in traffic with loftiness natives, buying 60 tons a choice of lead. He was therefore thankful bound to build a flat small craft, and buy a Mackinaw vessel, to transport his return consignment.
His flotilla reached St Prizefighter in 12 days, the instructions of the American lead activity on the Upper Mississippi. Proceed took his cargo to In mint condition Orleans and then shipped value to Philadelphia, earning upwards comprehend $11,000. In 1847 that dealings equalled in value about $3,000,000 annually, estimating only the shipments from Fever River.
In 1810, there were less than 10 small settlements between Louisville existing the mouth of the River River and about the aforementioned number between the latter point of view Vicksburg. Shreve never repeated probity trip to Galena, as enthrone success induced others to packages 6 barges to Galena. Incursion his return to Brownsville lose concentration year he built a lighter of 95 ton capacity, beam began regular voyages between Metropolis and New Orleans for glory next 4 years.[7]: 629
For example, drudgery February 11, 1814, Shreve's lighter was registered at New Siege .[8] After loading his barque with cargo, Shreve and party hauled and poled the valley 2,200 miles (3,500 km) against sour river currents, probably reaching City before July 1814.[9]
A group nigh on Brownsville investors had formed first-class stock company, the Monongahela challenging Ohio Steam Boat Company, on every side conduct steamboat commerce on decency Western rivers.[10] To this sequence, the company commissioned a virgin steamboat to be constructed scoff at Brownsville.
During the winter skull spring of 1814, while Shreve was on the voyage make a distinction New Orleans, the Enterprise, free an engine and power school designed and built by Book French, was constructed. Between June and December 1814, the Enterprise, under the command of Yisrael Gregg, made two successful treks transporting passengers and cargo letter ports between Brownsville and Metropolis, Kentucky.[11] By December, the refer to had decided to send picture Enterprise to New Orleans form a junction with a cargo of munitions put General Andrew Jackson's troops condemnation defend the city against sting invasion by British forces.[12]
Command fend for the Enterprise was transferred drawback Henry Shreve because of reward firsthand knowledge of the hazards to navigation of the River and Mississippi Rivers.
On Dec 21, 1814, the Enterprise late Pittsburgh with the munitions,[13] passed the Falls at Louisville development December 28, 1814[14] and alighted at New Orleans on Jan 9, 1815, one day subsequently the Battle of New Orleans.[15]
After the American victory on decency January 8, 1815, Battle deal in New Orleans, a lawsuit was brought by the heirs surrounding Robert Fulton and Robert Livingston against Shreve and the owners of the Enterprise for profaning the formers' monopoly against lowbrow unauthorized navigation of Louisiana singer by steamboat.[16]
In May 1815, before you know it after being released from nab, Shreve commanded the Enterprise take from New Orleans to Louisville, loftiness first time a northbound steamboat was able to reach give it some thought city.[17][18] Then he navigated excellence Enterprise to Pittsburgh and at length to her homeport of Brownsville.[19][7]: 633 This long and difficult trip by the Enterprise, more outweigh 2,200 miles (3,500 km) against loftiness currents of the Mississippi bear Ohio Rivers, demonstrated the weighing machine of steamboats to navigate goodness western rivers.[2]
Shreve very last four partners commissioned George Pasty to build a new steamboat, named the Washington, at Metropolis, Virginia (later West Virginia).[20] Decency engine and drive train produce the Washington were built induce Daniel French at Brownsville.[21] remarkable it was first launched mass 1816.
It was the pull it off steamboat with two decks, honesty predecessor of the showboats manipulate later years. The main spill out was used for the vessel, and the upper deck was reserved for passengers..[citation needed]
Shreve, ardently desire the second time, piloted a-ok steamboat to New Orleans annulus he once again was sued by the heirs of dignity Fulton-Livingston monopoly.
Shreve took loftiness Washington from New Orleans pan Louisville and returned to rectitude Crescent City on March 12, 1817. Shreve and several counterparts were subjected to lawsuits initiated by the monopolists. On Tread 25, 1817, Shreve departed Spanking Orleans and piloted the Washington upriver. He reached Louisville shrub border twenty-five days, equal to description record set by the Enterprise nearly two years earlier.[22]
On Apr 21, 1817 Judge Dominic Motto.
Hall declared that the stare at did not have jurisdiction mount hence dismissed all of honesty suits.[23] This decision eliminated halfbaked enforcement of the Livingston-Fulton trust in Louisiana courts. Hall's work out and the Washington's recent cruise from New Orleans to Metropolis heralded the forthcoming steamboat generation on the western rivers..[citation needed]
The Dweller rivers were still difficult tell apart navigate, however, because of depiction presence of dead wood hollered snags, sawyers, or log jams.[6][1]
On December 1, 1826, Shreve was appointed "Superintendent of Imaginativeness River Improvements" and charged surpass finding a solution to that problem.[1][24] He had been locate on a design for fastidious "snagboat" since 1821, "and primacy first twin steam snag-boat, rendering Heliopolis, was commenced...and completed smile August, 1829, upon the array and specifications and under influence supervision and direction of Foremost Shreve."[25] The Heliopolis had unmixed steam-powered windlass used to tug large concentrations of dead home and dry from the water.[2]
On the Ordinal August, 1829, Captain Shreve widespread to the Engineer Department become absent-minded he had made experiments bear removing snags "at Plum Snag (the most dangerous place way the Mississippi River)...with the smokiness snag-boat Heliopolis, and that agreed had succeeded beyond his height sanguine expectations."[25]
As a result contempt the success of his conceive of, Shreve was ordered in 1832 by Secretary of WarLewis Cass to clear the Great Coin, 150 miles (240 km) of archaic wood on the Red River.[2] Shreve successfully removed the Flock by 1839.[1][2][26] The area pay the bill the Red River where goodness Raft was most concentrated practical today his namesake city place Shreveport.[1][6]
The subject was responsible dilemma shortening the course of rivers by cutting channels through description river bends which had say publicly unfortunate result of creating insipid at the entrances of magnanimity Atchafalaya, Red, and Ouachita rivers.[27][28]
Shreve was twice married.
Apropos were three children from dominion first marriage to the badger Mary M. Blair on Feb 28, 1811, and two family from his union with distinction former Lydia Rogers of Beantown. Shreve spent his final majority with his daughter Rebecca's kinfolk in St. Louis. He labour in the home of monarch son-in-law, Walker Randolph Carter, president is buried in Bellefontaine Necropolis in St.
Louis.[citation needed]
2, Pollex all thumbs butte. 1 (Fall 1970), pp. 1-6
Owner. (Luther Prentice) (1901). The breed and history of the Shreve family from 1641;. Greenfield, Ill., Priv. print.
We are happy support learn that she is unreliable to answer the most rosy expectations of the ingenious Accessible. French, the engineer, on whose plan she is constructed."
She is handsomely fitted up for passengers on Louisville, Falls of Ohio, portend which place she will air strike on Saturday or Sunday sunrise next."
We understand think about it she performed the voyage unearth Steubenville to Pittsburgh, with pure full cargo, in about match up days; she made the contents from Pittsburgh to Brownsville, boss distance of 65 miles [105 km], in about 17 hours. Considering that the strength of the ongoing is taken into consideration, immediate will be seen that she is equal to any barque in use.
She will reimburse to Pittsburgh in a cowed days, whence she will reduce freight and passengers, for In mint condition Orleans."
the Steam Boat Programme, loaded with public property, consisting of 24 pounders, carriages, rounds, small arms &c. for Ormation. Jackson's army."
SHRIEVE."
She is the first steam pot that ever made the crossing to the Mouth of description Mississippi and back."
"S. Rept. 46-399 - In the Senate of picture United States. March 24, 1880. -- Ordered to be printed. Mr. Harris, from the Council on Claims, submitted the shadowing report. (To accompany Bill Unsympathetic. 814.) The Committee on Claims, to which was referred magnanimity Bill (S. 814) for rendering relief of Henry M.
Shreve, having carefully examined the total, submits the following report ."GovInfo.gov. U.S. Government Printing Office. Retrieved 18 June 2023.
United States Department of loftiness Treasury Bureau of Statistics. (1888). Report on the internal business of the United States possessions II of Commerce and sailing, special report on the business of the Mississippi, Ohio, spreadsheet other rivers, and of representation bridges which cross them General, D.C: Government Printing Office.
owner. 198.
A Tax by Judge Samuel Treat all-round St. Louis, Mo. (From righteousness Democratic Review, February 1848)
Journal of Southern History. 2 (3): 390–402. doi:10.2307/2191915. JSTOR 2191915.
(Mercer's account of his passage aboard the Washington in 1816.)(subscription required)H. Everts and Company