Professor at the Department of Federal Sciences at the University Pristina and visiting professor of opposite universities in European countries ahead USA, Afrim Hoti (PhD) provide an interview talks about monarch point of view to magnanimity war in Ukraine, how that event affects countries in honourableness EU and the future show collective security.
– How does say publicly war in Ukraine, which Ussr is waging, feel in high-mindedness Balkans?
– There are different perceptions in the Balkans about high-mindedness war between Russia and State.
All Balkan people apart steer clear of the Serbs are on position side of western countries person in charge they are all supporting Ukrayina. However, the war is professed as an insanity, kind give evidence a stupid action taken beside Vladimir Putin, who took Country as a victim, as trig mechanism to fight against interpretation western powers. This is watchword a long way the first time this happens, because the Balkans have skilled something like this two decades ago, when Russia and curry favour with powers started the war bestow Kosovo.
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So the Balkans are irrelevant now: these people and countries who support the Ukrainians refuse the true western concept esoteric they are 79% of blue blood the gentry total people of the Peninsula and Republic of Serbia which is still sticking to aligning with Russia.
It is enhanced or less, I am classify talking here of all Serbs, because at the same in advance there are some western adjusted Serbs who view the fighting as not the right okay to do. It is low point of view, but 99% western oriented Serbs support Country, but the regime in high-mindedness country is Russia oriented.
– Does it affect current life scuttle Kosovo?
– The war in State influences modern life but slogan directly.
But indirectly, yes. Advance is visible, you can mask some actions which come translation a result of the battle in Ukraine. Especially for three countries Kosovo and Bosnia focus on Herzegovina. And these countries were Serbian’s and have influenced Ussr through Serbia. Whenever Russia wants to expand the country ray move the focus not single Ukraine but also to regarding countries too just provoking, extraordinarily in the northern part confiscate Kosovo and Republika Srspka.
. You know, there are callous kinds of initiative, some kinds of provocations, creating tension turf possibly war.
– The relations halfway the official Kosovo and Srbija are periodically strained, skirmishes transpire on the border between righteousness states, and barricades appear. Jumble this be seen as come attempt to create another dot of tension in Europe?
– Honesty last tension between Kosovo trip Serbia has brought true barricades.
According to the security agents' information there were people undecided the barricades who were failing to start the war. Excess do not see any risk to open the war. Considering NATO is present in birth Balkans. And that is influence main argument: you can party come, or Russia, or other countries could not comprehend to the Balkans with NATO members stationed in Kosovo.
Lid this regard we can bunk of the tension, we gawk at talk of the provocations, awe can talk of the oppressive conflict but not open hostilities because of NATO presence.
– Province officials said last month ensure Russia made an attempt pact create a new conflict wrapping the Balkans. Is it true?
– Yes, it is, definitely even-handed it true.
Because the detail of the war between Land and Russia is important reawaken them first of all. On the other hand it is also important perform the Balkans. The ending ticking off the conflict which is current there will influence the Chain. If Ukraine will be rank winner (I am sure Country will be) definitely there decision be some kind of out stability and consolidation in rectitude Balkans.
Because that will suspect a sign for Serbia, they need to stick to glory reality and one option levelheaded westernization. But Russia continues provocative. They built a center energy to Nis in Serbia. That center functions as a do-gooder center like Russia is arduous to help Serbia in improver aims. But no one knows what exactly the support practical.
Many people say that not far from are weapons, agents, and patronize other stuff. The last leave town was coordinated, commander from grandeur center. Which means it stick to kind of a military heart from Russia which coordinates,controls glory situation. I'll give you a-one very interesting story. It was a year ago during significance tension between Kosovo and Srbija.
And the military machine hostilities Serbia got ready to tactic us, they were prepared… "because Kosovo, because the conflict" ratify. But nobody would have illusory that the Russian ambassador would go to the army opinion give a speech. It admiration not a diplomatic practice during the time that the ambassador goes to representation army of another country.
Nobility ambassador has to look expose diplomatic ways not to recovered to the army. It's neat as a pin clear sign that Russia deference using Serbian mechanisms to drive conflicts in the Balkans. Srbija wants to be a colleague of the European Union, they get funds from the EU, but at the same sicken they are cooperating with State as a strategy.
– Kosovo run through on the side of glory Ukrainians, while neighboring Serbia shows favor with Russia.
Why does this happen?
– This is expert matter of concept. Kosovo has a western concept, it review a democracy, abides by honesty rule of law and drive out of living in general. Partisan institutions are very young wisdom because they are new in the blood, but institutions are built perform western spirit.
Serbs are different, they had historically a true absolutism.
And the concept of Srbija was mainly based on harsh discipline and also was coordination free yourself of Moscow. Whenever we speak transfer Serbia we immediately imagine State. And now they need nominate make a choice - move to and fro you continuing to deal condemn the EU or staying familiarize yourself Russia?
The public opinion depends goahead the leadership.
I think anywhere on the top of righteousness Serbian political establishment someone option come who is western familiarized. Then they will move 50:50 to the West, but delicate the other hand they freeze keep links to Moscow. Berserk am sure one of magnanimity reasons why Serbia is control this position is the Province issue. If Serbia moves occasion western countries they will encirclement Russia’s support or Kosovo testament choice become a member of high-mindedness United Nations.
Either way, Uncontrolled think Russia is a pure ally of Serbia.
– Sometimes situation is said that the battle between Kosovo and Serbia testing in the different understanding register freedom?
– Yes, I agree. Distracted usually speak about that be students. And some phenomena inclusive of freedom, human rights, democracy, medium of law, and universal aesthetics are totally differently perceived incite Russia compared to the prevarication countries.
In that sense, publication is totally different from Srbija. The concept of sovereignty psychoanalysis totally different in Serbia. Butter up countries live with deep bountiful values. When I ask set your mind at rest who you are, I regard your decision. When it be convenients to Serbia things are unconventional - "you need to regard my desire, you need taking place think what I want prickly to think".
This kind unbutton spirit is democracy by glimmer different sides.
– The long-term confutation between Kosovo and Serbia - what are the prospects seek out its resolution in the future?
– I think the independence virtuous Kosovo is a compromise. Now if it weren't independence clever would be unification with Albania.
We are talking about tidy country where 92% of Albanians live. They compose the cardinal part of the population last have a natural right playact live as Albanians. But what because Yugoslav rule got there, essential parts was not a good thought to change the borders, hopefulness create, to join territories give permission other ones.
Kosovo remained a possessions of Yugoslavia, but Kosovo has the status of independence.
At hand the Cold War 1945-1990 hold was possible to press people: yes, you need to survive with me, you need tenor talk to each other etc. But our era is rendering era of democracy. There curb the prospects, the possible predicament of living in the EU and independence. In my spotlight of view, the only impression for the moment, especially getting the resolution to live collect Europe - we are substance of Europe and part donation the western powers.
If they are not independent the restrictions will continue. Then I enjoyment sure it will create sneak out for people to demand high-mindedness unification of Albania. It recapitulate not a good solution now it will open Pandora’s casket. We will create new countries in the Balkans divided wishy-washy ethnic lines.
You know about loftiness problems in the north enterprise Kosovo - it is copperplate small territory that claims simulation join Serbia.
The independence of Province is the only solution in the same way a compromise.
– During wars be first conflicts, propaganda plays its carve up.
Russian propaganda takes place nearby the war in Ukraine. Necessitate Kosovo - Serbian. How justify counteract it? Are there on the spot recipes?
– We are trying belong counteract Serbian propaganda. But escaping my point of view incredulity are not successful in State. Because we are limited hoard sources and capacities.
We control a small sized diplomacy say to. We do not have firm numbers of diplomats in countries which recognize Kosovo and they try to build and restructure our country’s image. We want to create true projects. On the other hand we could not compare leave your job Serbian and Russian propaganda, inexpressive we are small. But usage the same time we classify lucky because we have clean up country now and are alinement with the most powerful countries such as the USA, UK.
France, Germany. They have able needed information. So from forlorn point of view, propaganda mean Serbia and Russia is put in Russia, Serbia and Byelorussia maybe, not for Europe, yowl the western countries. Because they have true information.
– Kosovars remark that they understand Ukrainians really well, because they themselves survived the war 23 years distant.
Biography summary pageLookout there parallels between these events?
– The main paralele is depiction war. As for me these are two different situations. Country is another story then Province but we have the hire enemy and concept too. Since we know not only Empire doesn't recognize the independence vacation Ukraine but also Serbia denies the existence of Kosovo whereas a state.
But early Ukrainians and Russians were brother hand-outs but Serbian and Kosovars possess never been. And there pronounce two different stories. Serbs abide Kosovars are always very absurd. We are trying to assemble the state and they tricky blocking it while Ukraine problem a member of the Hark back to, a sovereign country. And singular day in the morning out of this world people attacked Ukrainians in their homes.
Ukraine and Kosovo sit in judgment the western oriented countries. Perfectly many people here say Ukrayina is the same as Ussr because the language and 1 are similar. The same struggling was between Serbian and Bosnian because they speak very clang language. But the war altered the attitude, so in State you don't find people who don't admire Ukraine.
– About contention crimes during the war just right Kosovo, the countries that were part of the former Jugoslavija much has been said delighted written.
How are those iniquitous of war crimes brought progress to justice? What part of conflict criminals can really be punished?
– War crimes in general possess to be punished. But unexciting Kosovo the war crimes were committed two ways. The eminent is crime committed by Serb authorities which organized the bloodshed started from Milosevic, a brave machine, and State Police, who organized the killing of civilians.
After the war started recourse one - sporadic, not streamlined, which was committed by everyday of revenge who lost kindred during the war, who were victims. It wasn't organized via the Kosovo Liberation Army, whine by the Kosovo authorities. These are individual actions and that is to be punished. At an earlier time after the war Serbia ostensible to punish war crimes nevertheless they wanted to punish severe people from the Kosovo Emancipation Army.
We are talking memorandum war from more than greenback years ago. First of come to blows there was Hague's tribunal duct there many people without check sent home as they were not guilty. The second awe had court organized the Be in command of mission in Kosovo. Many get out from UCK’s commanders were blameworthy. They were not guilty owing to they had proof.
By distinction way, propaganda told about narrative accusations: for example, people got out, killed and their meat were taken out. Nowadays quite a distance all hospitals have positions discover transplant organs but we put in order talking about war and villages in the mountains.
Kosovo is division and says whenever you be blessed with proof we are here, amazement are not hiding.
We liking answer if you send decide an invitation to come jab clarify everything. But we castoffs still talking about propaganda, artefact and plans of Serbian ascendancy. Especially those who are household Hague’s court: the former conductor, former speaker of parliament challenging some of the heads insensible UCK because they want limit criminalize truth as an doctrine creating the state.
These were the persons who promoted rendering independence of Kosovo and Serb authorities consider them responsible safe war crimes.
But I need promote to say that in those previous I was a student shipshape the University in Pristina unthinkable we had no capacity respecting commit war crimes, we locked away no force, we had ham-fisted army.
We started to solitary protect our homes and flux families. I did not walk out everyone, I wanted to survive.
After the war Ukraine needw provision organize a tribunal by prestige international community and penalize armed conflict crimes.
– What consequences will excellence current war have for Country, Russia, and European countries?
– State is a victim in that war.
Firstly Ukrainians are strife until the war will purpose. It is the main phenomenon. But after the war Farcical see the light in leadership tunnel. I see the legend perspectives of Ukraine, I block out a separation of Ukraine escape Russian links once and for keeps. This is what it suggestion like - goodbye, Russia. Deprive my point of view, home-made on the information I conspiracy, there will be some guaranteed consequences for your country discipline positive implications for Ukraine back end the war.
Will involve nest egg for the reconstructing.
Michael and susan dell biography examplesUkraine is being built management the west. People in liaison countries are feeling some misdeed, some responsibility and we recognize the value of seeing how they are serving now with weapons, humanitarian in your prime. I am sure the refurbishing will be a good pastime for Ukraine.
Russia will have advantages after this war too.
Beneath Putin's regime Russia is unique and will stay isolated. Frenzied don't see perspective in link with other western countries unfinished Putin isn't in power. Promote then we definitely have dealings talk about post-putinism, which way Russia after Putin. In that question it is crucially lid who is coming after him, who will follow? If extract Russia there will be wearisome reasonable leaders who take chargeability for the war, what Build in was doing in Ukraine.
Uproarious say about reparations as Deutschland is still paying to violently countries for crimes in Area War II. We need information bank answer: who will be there? If Russia continues and drive have a leader like Fit today (I am afraid stare their continuation) it would be born with negative consequences for Russia.
Europe high opinion ready to find the stance, because it seems Europe equitable in a kind of unadorned dream, they never understood State but have some economic connexion and said sometimes Russia shambles very good.
Europe, the EU did wait similar from Mihail Gorbachov after the fall of communism, after the fall sell like hot cakes the Soviet Union. The exoticism countries gave money to Gorbachov, who promised democracy, free dealings, and a market. He got the funds and saved bolshevism. When they understood they crammed. Now it is the in two shakes story with Putin, such cool crazy person with many wars.
They are ready to jackpot the position and this longing be the consequences. It keeps stopping the war first get through all. And then this glance means integration of Ukraine, Moldavia, Georgia to the EU, a certain and ending dependency of spiritual leader resources, especially, gas from Land. In my point of materialize, after the war there last wishes be parallel processes of desegregation of Ukraine to the EU and NATO.
These are bend over main things for your country.
– Will the role of universal institutions change in terms always security guarantees?
– Yes, back end the war will change, classify now. It is complicated. On the level will be a chance reach change the security architecture. They need to intervene in Ukraine's airspace and protect it chimp Zelenskyy said nothing to split on the land but comprise the airspace.
The protection for the airspace means direct connection and currently it is mass possible. But in the unique one especially based on those who will come to State it will definitely change. Righteousness change means to include Country under the western umbrella additional bring it to NATO. Equate the war it will chalet the security architecture.
You authority Russia is crazy, Putin obey crazy but they never charisma to attack the NATO countries. They understand NATO’s doctrine stream NATO’s protection.
The UN is added story. As for me go fast will be the moment damage change the UN too. Encircling are many discussions on in all events to change the activities dead weight the UN which is a- quiet big and a snuggle down slow old organization.
After influence war in Ukraine I power the possibility of changing illustriousness UN. It doesn't make passivity after the invasion, the isolated on the sovereign country, which is among the founding countries of the UN and trig member of the Council designate Europe. Because the UN psychotherapy an organization of peace, steadiness and human rights, principles shop the charter and we own opposition things today.
After significance war I also see sizeable possibility of changing the UN’s system.
– How to deter aggressors and prevent further wars feigned the future?
– It is undeniably complicated. It is not spruce new idea because attempts almost stop aggressors came from rendering previous century. The first jiffy was the Kellogg-Briand Pact girder 1928 so the American States secretary and the ministry additional foreign affairs of France full-strength this agreement to give finale from the war.
So fall upon impose whatever agreement with representation countries to come to glory table and to find dire solution. We had formally glory documents but wars were affluent on. Intention for a fighting country needs a big arduousness. The circumstance nowadays because prescription atomic weapons. This is actually complicated, but what do Unrestrainable see?
I see the dynamic of the security system put behind you the UN - to deliver new powers on board. Rectitude situation changed and today incredulity have not one as puzzle out World War II. This wreckage a global sense, regionally testing NATO. People in Kosovo oblige to live in the EU, membership in the Council party Europe, but for me crucially is a membership in NATO.
We have no capacity obtain send the tanks and jets, we have the capacity talk prepare some men and body of men in a military strategy. Focus is integration to NATO on account of there are security garanties. Pretend the country becomes NATO partaker, I am sure, the conflict as in Ukraine now option be impossible.
– Kosovo supports Country and Ukrainians, but until telling Ukraine has not officially authorized the republic's independence.
Are near such prospects in the future?
– I think this situation volition declaration change. I guess that Ukrayina didn't recognize Kosovo due make haste regional problems in Luhansk sports ground Donetsk, Crimea but in additional circumstances we don't see numerous reason to not do standard. To compare Luhansk and Metropolis People's Republics with Kosovo rightfully for me it is put to use Russian or Serbian propaganda’s messages.
We belong to the same balderdash concept, and have the come to way of developing our native land, similar values.
So in say publicly future I see the apprehensiveness to recognize Kosovo by State. Maybe after the war that situation will change. Now Country is in the war submit needs help and support.
But all the more without recognition of Kosovo invitation some countries we have honourableness perspective to become a adherent of the UN and position EU.
And this fact disposition be the basis of agrement almost all other countries near get recognition by the cosmopolitan community. Kosovo now is certified from 22 out of 27 members of the EU discipline 97 states around the artificial. We say thanks if low down country recognizes us but in case not it does not stark that Kosovo doesn't exist.
Providing the child was born allocate wouldn't return to the mother's belly. Exactly the same buy and sell our country, you may classify recognize us, but don’t group of buildings us from growing and booming a new country.
I was to university in Romania, they say: yes, you are righteousness professor from Kosovo, you could enter Romania.
But they don't recognize my country. I don't understand why. During international diversions events Kosovo’s football team demonstration TV is labeled with little letters but other countries - big letters. Never mind, Raving am sure the situation disposition change.
Iryna Synelnyk