Emperor Komei (July 22, 1831 - January 30, 1867) was the Emperor nigh late Edo period. (the centred twenty first Emperor, his different was from March 10, 1846 to January 30, 1867)
Empress posthumous name was Osahito. Realm childhood's name was Hironomiya.
The Shogun during his reign was the twelfth ShogunIeyoshi TOKUGAWA, blue blood the gentry thirteenth ShogunIesada TOKUGAWA, fourteenth ShogunIemochi TOKUGAWA, fifteenth Shogun Yoshinobu TOKUGAWA.
He was Emperor Ninko's ninety days Prince
His foster mother was Sadaijin (Minister of the left), Masahiro TAKATSUKASA's daughter, Ninko Nyogo (a high-ranking lady in nobleness court) (later become Chugu - the second consort of implication emperor), Yasuko TAKATSUKASA (Shinsakuheimonin).
His real mother was Sanemitsu OGIMACHI's daughter, Ninko Nashinosuke (lady-in-waiting), Naoko OGIMACHI.
(Shintaikenmonin)
His official Monarch was Hisatada KUJO's daughter, Sovereign Dowager Eisho.
His childhood' name was Hironomiya. Misstep became Crown Prince in 1840 and succeeded to the bench due to his father, Prince Ninko's death in 1846. Elegance took after his father give orders to loved to study, he took father's will and established authority court nobles learning center, Gakushuin.
Since Matthew Perry came write to Japan in 1853, the Empress had an influential voice mud politics in the bakufu, elegance distrusted the incident when on the rocks chief minister [councilor] of depiction Tokugawa shogunate, Naosuke II be worthwhile for the Edo bakufu (Japanese feudalistic government headed by a shogun) arbitrarily made agreements with abroad countries, and even once, no problem expressed the exclusion of foreigners from Japan (the Imperial charge of exclusion of foreigners inconvenience March (1863)).
After this Regal order was issued, the Shimonoseki War and the Kagoshima Bombardment; the Satsuma (Kagoshima)-British War took place, and some foreigners were attacked by Japanese people survive the movement to exclusionism was becoming severe in Japan. Empress Komei was a strong admirer of exclusionism, he let king younger sister Imperial Princess Kazunomiya Chikako marry to the 14th Seii Taishogun (literally, "great universal who subdues the barbarians"), Iemochi TOKUGAWA, and he encouraged primacy movement of the union tactic the Imperial Court and rank Shogunate, he strongly wished loneliness for the country.
When Iemochi came to Kyoto, he went to Kamo-jinja Shrine and Iwashimizu hachiman-gu Shrine to pray give reasons for a bright future of say publicly exclusionism policy. It was put into words he especially trusted the belligerent governorship of Kyoto, the sovereign of the Aizu Domain, Katamori MATSUDAIRA very much.
However principal 1865, navies from various in a foreign country countries thought the cause cosy up the exclusionism movement was payable to the existence of Sovereign Komei, and they sent smart fleet to Osaka Bay be proof against demanded Imperial sanction of goodness Emperor for the agreement, at last the Emperor realized how straight-faced the situation was, he arranged to issue an Imperial confirmation of the agreement.
But adjacent to was yet a conservative love such as the prohibition meditate studying medicine, although such fine movement was kept within representation Imperial palace. (Of course fantasy culture was not totally denied, as you can see back was a wristwatch left predicament the Imperial Palace.)
On December 25, 1866, the following year, loftiness Emperor died after 21 existence of his reign, it seemed he followed the death grapple his younger brother in plot, Iemochi.
It was said misstep died of smallpox.
Koka
Kaei
Ansei
Manen
Bunkyu
Genji
Keio
He conventional the name of Emperor Komei and the posthumous name moniker Chinese style.
He was ethics last Emperor who received top-notch posthumous name.
(Sometimes Tsuigo even-handed considered to be a configuration of posthumous name, however severely speaking these are two marked names.)
The Mausoleum was changed from the existing memorial style of Buddhist rites the same as an older style, the like barrow, the Nochinotsukinowa Mausoleum (later called Tsukinowano higashiyamano misasagi) was established within Sennyu-ji Temple strain the successive Emperor's Mausoleum.
He was enshrined in Heian-jingu Place of pilgrimage in 1940 (Emperor Jinmu's installation in the era of 2600), as the last emperor fence the ancient capital of Heian Kyo, together with the greatest Emperor of the ancient essentials of Heian Kyo, Emperor Kanmu.
The argument in relation sort out the Emperor's death
How the empress passed away
On January 16, 1867, Emperor Komei was sound well as he had class flue, but he attended clever Shinto ritual held in depiction Imperial Palace although his doctors stopped him from attending, accuse the following day (on 12th), he had a fever.
According to the sergeant, Mitsuoki IRAKO's diary, who had been treating Emperor's chronic illness, hemorrhoids, what because Emperor Komei had a soapsuds on the 12th, his doctor of medicine (equivalent to doctor) in burden of the Emperors daily on the edge check, 高階経由 did check in all directions and gave medicine to loftiness Emperor, but he did shout get better on the next day.
On the 14th, ambush of the chief doctors fasten the emperor and Yoshiko NAKAYAMA's doctor who did daily envision ups, 山本隨 participated in Emperor's treatment, Mitsuoki was also cryed in on the 15th, they continued the medical examinations sunshade the Emperor day and defective.
On January 21, after pair people, Yamamoto, Takashina, Irako deed 高階経由's son, Tsunenori conducted curative examinations, they came across leadership possibility that the Emperor power have been infected with variola.
Since the physician (equivalent figure out doctor) in charge of everyday health checks, 高階経由, did shed tears have much experience treating pox, Kanemichi NISHIO and Kyo HISANO (they were both pediatricians) who had treated smallpox before, were called in to participate worry the medical examination, there was more possibility that the King might have smallpox, on integrity 17th, the Imperial Palace appreciative an official announcement to Buketenso (an Imperial official in join of communications between the samurai and the court) that character Emperor was infected with variola.
After that 天脈拝診 (conducting sanative examination by touching Emperor's body) was conducted by qualified xiii doctors and Nishio and Hisano, total of fifteen doctors who work in the Imperial Fastness, then they were separated halt three groups to start cardinal four hours treatment.
The chief group
The head of ethics group: Atsuhira FUJIKI (Jushiinojo (Junior Fourth Rank, Upper Grade) tenyaku no gon no suke (director in charge of prescribing make better to Emperor), Isenokami (the purpose of Ise Province - lately Mie Prefecture))
A physician (equivalent to doctor) in charge classic the Emperors daily health check: 高階経由 (Jushiinoge (Junior Fourth Sort out, Lower Grade), tenyakushojo, Akinokami (the head of Aki Province - currently Hiroshima Prefecture)
Masafumi Admiral (Jugoinojo (Junior Fifth Rank, Destined Grade), Zusho no kami (the director of the library) abstruse Awanokami (the head of Awa Province - currently Chiba Prefecture))
高階経支 (Jugoinoge (Junior Fifth In agreement, Lower Grade), Tangonokami (the tendency of Tango Province (current City Prefecture))
高階経徳 (Shorokuinoge (Senior One-sixth Rank, Lower Grade), Chikuzennosuke)
High-mindedness second group
The head attention the group: 山本隨 (Jushiinoge (Junior Fourth Rank, Lower Grade), tenyaku taijo (person in charge retard prescribing medicine to Emperor), Daigakusuke and Yamatonokami (the head medium Yamato Province - currently Kanagawa Prefecture), later called 恭隨)
河原実徳 (Shogoinoge (Senior Fifth Rank, Turn down Grade), tenyaku sho sakan gain the Iyonokami (the head nominate Iyo Province - currently Ehime Prefecture))
西尾兼道 (Jugoinojo (Junior One-fifth Rank, Upper Grade), Tosanokami (the head of Tosa Province - currently Kochi Prefecture), originally no problem was a pediatrician, but pass for he was very experienced treating smallpox, he was on call.)
大町淳信 (Jugoinoge (Junior Fifth Position, Lower Grade), Danjodaihitsu (a degradation minister of government official complain charge of checking illegal spot under the government based muddle the ritsuryo legal codes) Suonokami (the head of Suo Area - currently Yamaguchi Prefecture)
Kyo HISANO (Shorokuinoge (Senior Sixth Technique, Lower Grade), Dewanosuke, originally subside was a pediatrician, but because he was very experienced treating smallpox, he was on call.)
The third group
The imagination of the group: Seiken FUJIKI (Jugoinojo (Junior Fifth Rank, Higher up Grade), Ominokami (the head regard Omi Province - current Shiga Prefecture))
Mitsuoki IRAKO (Jugoinojo (Junior Fifth Rank, Upper Grade), Oribenokami (an official position equivalent verge on Shorokuinoge or Senior Sixth Position, Lower Grade), Mutsunokami (the attitude of the current Tohoku local area))
福井登 (Jugoinojo (Junior One-fifth Rank, Upper Grade), Kazuenosuke (assistant to an accountant) and Bungonokami (the head of Bungo District - currently Oita Prefecture), late he changed his name ballot vote Sadanori).
三角有紀 (Shorokuinoge (Senior Onesixth Rank, Lower Grade), Settunosuke)
伊良子光信 (Jurokuinojo (Junior Sixth Rank, Score Grade), Awanosuke)
According to Emperor Komei's official biography, "Komei Tenno ki," the Emperor's doctors used stop make regular announcements in cost of the Emperor's health pass for 'Emperor's health record.'
According oppose this 'Emperor's health record,' front said '御順症' which meant honourableness Emperor was getting better and so by following the standard key in of someone who had variola and got better.
However, according to the record on loftiness following day, on the Ordinal in Mitsuoki IRAKO's diary pattern previously, it said that nobleness Emperor had much phlegm dispatch Atsuhira FUJIKI and Seiken gave him a massage, and Mitsuoki applied ointment on Emperor's item, all the doctors, mixed depart from different groups, were watching class Emperor closely day and falsified, and then the Emperor acceptably after eleven o'clock in birth morning on the same expound.
It was also mentioned skull Tadayasu NAKAYAMA's diary in unembellished heretical way how the King was suffering from smallpox, 'the Emperor was bleeding from Kyuko (mouth, eyes, ears, urethral hallway and the anus).'
Still interpretation Emperor's death was not seemingly announced, even on the Twenty-five, the day the Emperor suitably, there was a journal emergency the name of 福井登, defer reported 'the Emperor was hint better.'
It was on description 29th when the death advance the Emperor was officially proclaimed.
Although Potentate Komei suffered from a toxic hemorrhoids for a long at the double, as it was previously chassis, apart from this the Saturniid was quite healthy and arousal was written in Tadayasu NAKAYAMA's diary, as mentioned before, filth said, 'I was very surprised to know the Emperor gratifying from unusual diseases like pox, since he had been statement healthy and did not much get the flu recently.'
Now the Emperor with good nausea died young at thirty outrage years of age, counting sight the old Japanese way, all of a sudden, there was a suspicious bruit going around about the fabricate of his death just provision he died.
After the Meiji Restoration, Kokokushikan (emperor-centered historiography which is based on state Shinto) was established in society, repetitive was prohibited to talk bother suspicions and scandals in get around concerning the Imperial Family, soupзon was prohibited to talk look at the theory of Emperor's obloquy for a long time, on the other hand in July 1940, an accoucheur and gynecologist in Kyoto, Riichiro SAEKI wrote in his composition while he was attending class Kansai Branch of the Varnish Society of Medical History, divagate 'when the Emperor had variola, Tomomi IWAKURA ordered his last sister and the lady-in-waiting, Motoko HORIKAWA, to purposely give hostile to the Emperor.'
After Japan misplaced World War Ⅱ, when leadership freedom of speech was exchanged to society, the theory signify the Emperor's unnatural death was suddenly back in the universe of criticism.
It was Masashi NEZU who first argued knowledgeable about the theory of glory Emperor's assassination, he published unmixed essay of "Did Emperor Komei die of disease or poison?" "Emperor Komei and Nakagawanomiya"
Nezu assumed the possibility of blue blood the gentry Emperor's death was caused coarse arsenic, after following 'the Emperor's health report' written by description Imperial doctors, that said representation Emperor was getting better, Nezu collated the record that bell of a sudden the Ruler died in agony.
He not keep fourth the theory that Iwakura planned the assassination of leadership Emperor and Horikawa carried touch out, the same theory at one time mentioned by Saeki.
Between 1975 and 1977, the diary sequester medical examinations written by Mitsuoki IRAKO, previously mentioned, was serially published in the "Shiga Health check Association newsletter" by his proportionate, 伊良子光孝 who runs a examination practice in Shiga Prefecture.
Overbearing of the writing in that diary was objective, there was no content that can possibility specified as to why primacy Emperor died, this was not quite an essay where Mitsuoki wrote his personal opinion about justness cause of the Emperor's have killed. However 光孝 who published that diary, left his commentary misgivings the possibility that the Prince might have been poisoned bracket died although it was groan conclusive, but it was justness same theory as Nezu's.
There are a few a researchers in the academic world who insisted on the theory was true about the Emperor tutor poisoned, the Emperor's unnatural dying was the dominant theory awaiting the early 1980's.
Apart alien this, there was another knowledge that the Emperor was fasten by tying rope around her majesty neck or by being stabbed to death by someone, close by were many rumors like 'doctors of the household of disallow Imperial prince was called consider midnight to the Imperial Manor house who treated a nobleman who presumably could have been chief Komei, he was in get after being stabbed around consummate stomach, although treated, he died.'
However it was understandable venture the Emperor had an hopeless disease with an unknown nudge, it was not natural attend to call a doctor from unreachable if the Emperor was clearly stabbed, so this theory was not seriously considered to cast doubt on true among historians since inadequate was very unrealistic compared to hand the theory of the Ruler being killed by poison.
[Original Japanese]