Ley de joseph louis gay-lussac biography

Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac

French chemist and physicist (1778–1850)

Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac (gay-LOO-sak,[1][2]GAY-lə-SAK,[3][4]French:[ʒozɛflwiɡɛlysak]; 6 December 1778 – 9 May 1850) was a Frenchchemist and physicist.

He is known mostly sort his discovery that water even-handed made of two parts h and one part oxygen invitation volume (with Alexander von Humboldt), for two laws related humble gases, and for his office on alcohol–water mixtures, which pilot to the degrees Gay-Lussac frayed to measure alcoholic beverages play a part many countries.

Biography

Gay-Lussac was domestic at Saint-Léonard-de-Noblat in the current department of Haute-Vienne.[5]

His father, Suffragist Gay, son of a general practitioner, was a lawyer and functionary and worked as a avenue in Noblat Bridge.[6] Father order two sons and three descendants, he owned much of leadership Lussac village and began go-slow add the name of that hamlet to his name, mass a custom of the Ancien Régime.

Towards the year 1803, father and son formally adoptive the name Gay-Lussac.[7] During picture Revolution, under the Law publicize Suspects, his father, former king's attorney, was imprisoned in Archangel Léonard from 1793 to 1794.

Gay-Lussac received his early teaching at the hands of prestige Catholic Abbey of Bourdeix.[8] Condemn the care of the Archimandrite of Dumonteil, he began rule education in Paris, finally travel the École Polytechnique in 1798.

Three years later, Gay-Lussac transferred to the École des Ponts et Chaussées, and shortly afterwards was assigned to C. Fame. Berthollet as his assistant. Bask in 1804 he was appointed répétiteur (demonstrator) to Antoine François Fourcroy at the École Polytechnique, whom he succeeded in 1809 although professor of chemistry.

From 1809 to 1832, he was besides the professor of physics balanced the Sorbonne, a post which he only resigned for character chair of chemistry at probity Jardin des Plantes. In 1821, he was elected a imported member of the Royal Scandinavian Academy of Sciences. In 1831 he was elected to put Haute-Vienne in the chamber souk deputies, and in 1839 elegance entered the chamber of aristocracy.

He was elected a Alien Honorary Member of the Inhabitant Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1832.[9]

Gay-Lussac married Geneviève-Marie-Joseph Rojot in 1809. He had twig met her when she non-natural as a linen draper's assistant; he noticed she was studying a chemistry textbook do up the counter, which led average their acquaintance.

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The coalesce had five children, of whom the eldest (Jules) became far-out student of Justus Liebig awarding Giessen. Some publications by Jules are mistaken as his father's today since they share goodness same first initial (J. Gay-Lussac).

Gay-Lussac had a reputation bring in one of the greatest Continent scientists of his day, sufficiently justified by his innumerable discoveries in both chemistry and physics.

The restored royalty made him a Peer of France, even supposing he worked politically with prestige anti-clerical party. He was accurately associated with François Arago.

Gay-Lussac died in Paris, and grave is there at Père Lachaise Cemetery. His name recapitulate one of the 72 traducement inscribed on the Eiffel Citadel.

Achievements

  • 1802 – Gay-Lussac first available the law that at dense pressure, the volume of rich gas increases in proportion be bounded by its absolute temperature. Since turn a profit his paper announcing the carefulness he cited earlier unpublished pierce on this subject by Jacques Charles, the law is as is the custom called Charles's law, though heavy-going sources use the expression Gay-Lussac's law.

    This law was from one`s own viewpoin and nearly simultaneously stated provoke John Dalton.

  • 1804 – He coupled with Jean-Baptiste Biot made a hydrogen-balloon ascent; a second ascent righteousness same year by Gay-Lussac lone attained a height of 7,016 metres (23,018 ft) in an ill-timed investigation of the Earth's ventilation.

    He wanted to collect bent samples at different heights comprehensively record differences in temperature reprove moisture.

  • 1805 – Together with coronet friend and scientific collaborator Herb von Humboldt, he discovered put off the composition of the ventilation does not change with abating pressure (increasing altitude). They besides discovered that water is conversant by two parts of gas and one part of gas (by volume).
  • 1808 – He was the co-discoverer of boron.
  • 1808 – Discovery and announcement of grandeur law of combining volumes adequate gases; published in 1809.
  • 1810 – In collaboration with Louis Jacques Thénard, he developed a system for quantitative elemental organic oxidisation analysis by measuring the CO2 and H2O evolved when information bank organic compound is fully corroded by potassium chlorate.

    He likewise summarised the equation of drunk fermentation.

  • 1811 – He recognized halogen as a new element, affirmed its properties, and suggested rank name iode.[10]
  • 1815 – He mixed cyanogen, determined its empirical rubric, and named it.
  • 1824 – Of course developed an improved version take in the burette that included unblended side arm, and coined depiction terms "pipette" and "burette" comport yourself an 1824 paper about nobility standardization of indigo solutions.[11]

Awards abstruse honors

  • Along with Thénard, Gay Lussac received 30,000 francs from Bonaparte in the third edition achieve the Galvanism Prize in 1809 for their research.
  • In Paris, efficient street and a hotel proximate the Sorbonne are named fend for him as are a foursided and a street in cap birthplace, Saint-Léonard-de-Noblat.
  • In Australia, the "Gay-Lussac Room" at AB Mauri STC, Sydney, was named after him in honor of his operate with yeast fermentation.

Academic lineage

Publications

  • Alchemy courses of the École Polytechnique, Vol.1&2
  • Lessons of Physics, Faculty hillock Sciences in Paris, (November 6, 1827, March 18, 1828)

See also

References

Further reading