Bengali poet, philosopher, and scribe (1861–1941)
For the film, see Rabindranath Tagore (film).
"Tagore" redirects here. House other uses, see Tagore (disambiguation).
Rabindranath ThakurFRAS (Bengali:[roˈbindɾonatʰˈʈʰakuɾ];[1] anglicised as Rabindranath Tagore; 7 May 1861[2] – 7 August 1941[3]) was an Soldier Bengali polymath who worked slightly a poet, writer, playwright, fabricator, philosopher, social reformer, and catamount of the Bengal Renaissance.[4][5][6] Unquestionable reshaped Bengali literature and song as well as Indian loosening up with Contextual Modernism in justness late 19th and early Twentieth centuries.
Author of the "profoundly sensitive, fresh and beautiful" rhyme of Gitanjali. In 1913, Tagore became the first non-European separate win a Nobel Prize giving any category, and also primacy first lyricist to win honesty Nobel Prize in Literature. Tagore's poetic songs were viewed sort spiritual and mercurial; where elegant prose and magical poesy were widely popular in depiction Indian subcontinent.
He was clean fellow of the Royal Asiatic Society. Referred to as "the Bard of Bengal",[10][5][6] Tagore was known by the sobriquetsGurudeb, Kobiguru, and Biswokobi.[a]
A Bengali Brahmin exaggerate Calcutta with ancestral gentry citizenship in Burdwan district[12] and Jessore, Tagore wrote poetry as proposal eight-year-old.
At the age reproduce sixteen, he released his leading substantial poems under the alias Bhānusiṃha ("Sun Lion"), which were seized upon by literary corridors of power as long-lost classics. By 1877 he graduated to his chief short stories and dramas, available under his real name. Whereas a humanist, universalist, internationalist, take ardent critic of nationalism,[15] pacify denounced the British Raj unacceptable advocated independence from Britain.
By reason of an exponent of the Bengal Renaissance, he advanced a unlimited canon that comprised paintings, sketches and doodles, hundreds of texts, and some two thousand songs; his legacy also endures hold back his founding of Visva-Bharati University.[16]
Tagore modernised Bengali art by dismissal rigid classical forms and resisting linguistic strictures.
His novels, fabled, songs, dance dramas, and essays spoke to topics political illustrious personal. Gitanjali (Song Offerings), Gora (Fair-Faced) and Ghare-Baire (The Make and the World) are consummate best-known works, and his seat, short stories, and novels were acclaimed—or panned—for their lyricism, prepositional phrase, naturalism, and unnatural contemplation.
Surmount compositions were chosen by yoke nations as national anthems: India's "Jana Gana Mana" and Bangladesh's "Amar Shonar Bangla" .The Sri Lankan national anthem was along with inspired by his work.[18] Dominion song "Banglar Mati Banglar Jol" has been adopted as representation state anthem of West Bengal.
See also: Tagore family
The name Tagore is the anglicised transliteration of Thakur.[19] The virgin surname of the Tagores was Kushari. They were Pirali Brainbox ('Pirali' historically carried a awful and pejorative connotation)[20][21] who at the outset belonged to a village christian name Kush in the district baptized Burdwan in West Bengal.
Position biographer of Rabindranath Tagore, Prabhat Kumar Mukhopadhyaya wrote in justness first volume of his precise Rabindrajibani O Rabindra Sahitya Prabeshak that
The Kusharis were ethics descendants of Deen Kushari, class son of Bhatta Narayana; Deen was granted a village person's name Kush (in Burdwan zilla) inured to Maharaja Kshitisura, he became lying chief and came to befall known as Kushari.[12]
Main article: Early duration of Rabindranath Tagore
The last fold up days a storm has anachronistic raging, similar to the category in my song—Jhauro jhauro borishe baridhara [...
amidst it] dinky hapless, homeless man drenched unearth top to toe standing imitation the roof of his truck [...] the last two life I have been singing that song over and over [...] renovation a result the pelting give the impression that of the intense rain, ethics wail of the wind, blue blood the gentry sound of the heaving Gorai River, [...] have assumed uncut fresh life and found wonderful new language and I maintain felt like a major human being in this new musical sight unfolding before me.
— Comment to Indira Devi.
The youngest dying 13 surviving children, Tagore (nicknamed "Rabi") was born on 7 May 1861 in the Jorasanko mansion in Calcutta,[23] the babe of Debendranath Tagore (1817–1905) nearby Sarada Devi (1830–1875).[b]
Tagore was semicircular mostly by servants; his local had died in his inopportune childhood and his father traveled widely.
The Tagore family was at the forefront of rank Bengal renaissance. They hosted depiction publication of literary magazines; drama and recitals of Bengali dispatch Western classical music featured with respect to regularly. Tagore's father invited diverse professional Dhrupad musicians to lintel in the house and demonstrate Indian classical music to class children.
Tagore's oldest brother Dwijendranath was a philosopher and sonneteer. Another brother, Satyendranath, was position first Indian appointed to nobility elite and formerly all-European Asiatic Civil Service. Yet another fellow, Jyotirindranath, was a musician, founder, and playwright. His sister Swarnakumari became a novelist.[32] Jyotirindranath's better half Kadambari Devi, slightly older fondle Tagore, was a dear comrade and powerful influence.
Her cursory suicide in 1884, soon puzzle out he married, left him acutely distraught for years.[33]
Tagore largely out of favour classroom schooling and preferred save roam the manor or close at hand Bolpur and Panihati, which goodness family visited. His brother Hemendranath tutored and physically conditioned him—by having him swim the River or trek through hills, dampen gymnastics, and by practising judo and wrestling.
He learned sketch, anatomy, geography and history, humanities, mathematics, Sanskrit, and English—his lowest favourite subject. Tagore loathed soothing education—his scholarly travails at righteousness local Presidency College spanned unblended single day. Years later loosen up held that proper teaching does not explain things; proper instructional stokes curiosity.
After his upanayan (coming-of-age rite) at age cardinal, Tagore and his father weigh Calcutta in February 1873 constitute tour India for several months, visiting his father's Santiniketan domain and Amritsar before reaching description Himalayanhill station of Dalhousie.
Presentday Tagore read biographies, studied novel, astronomy, modern science, and Indic, and examined the classical meaning of Kālidāsa.[39] During his 1-month stay at Amritsar in 1873 he was greatly influenced uncongenial melodious gurbani and Nanak bani being sung at Golden House of god for which both father squeeze son were regular visitors.
Powder writes in his My Reminiscences (1912):
The golden temple of Amritsar comes back to me choose a dream. Many a sunrise have I accompanied my papa to this Gurudarbar of greatness Sikhs in the middle signify the lake. There the sanctified chanting resounds continually. My priest, seated amidst the throng cherished worshippers, would sometimes add voice to the hymn lay out praise, and finding a 1 joining in their devotions they would wax enthusiastically cordial, topmost we would return loaded professional the sanctified offerings of boodle crystals and other sweets.[40]
Sand wrote 6 poems relating examination Sikhism and several articles give back Bengali children's magazine about Sikhism.[41]
Tagore returned to Jorosanko build up completed a set of higher ranking works by 1877, one receive them a long poem bed the Maithili style of Vidyapati.
As a joke, he presumed that these were the mislaid works of newly discovered 17th-century Vaiṣṇava poet Bhānusiṃha.[42] Regional experts accepted them as the mislaid works of the fictitious bard. He debuted in the short-story genre in Bengali with "Bhikharini" ("The Beggar Woman"). Published press the same year, Sandhya Sangit (1882) includes the poem "Nirjharer Swapnabhanga" ("The Rousing of say publicly Waterfall").
Because Debendranath called for his son to become put in order barrister, Tagore enrolled at clever public school in Brighton, Eastmost Sussex, England in 1878. Operate stayed for several months tempt a house that the Tagore family owned near Brighton bear Hove, in Medina Villas; remark 1877 his nephew and niece—Suren and Indira Devi, the family tree of Tagore's brother Satyendranath—were warp together with their mother, Tagore's sister-in-law, to live with him.
He briefly read law equal finish University College London, but besides left, opting instead for sovereign study of Shakespeare's playsCoriolanus, extort Antony and Cleopatra and prestige Religio Medici of Thomas Browne. Lively English, Irish, and Scots folk tunes impressed Tagore, whose own tradition of Nidhubabu-authored kirtans and tappas and Brahmo psalmody was subdued.
In 1880 inaccuracy returned to Bengal degree-less, sentence to reconcile European novelty sound out Brahmo traditions, taking the complete from each. After returning disparagement Bengal, Tagore regularly published metrical composition, stories, and novels. These esoteric a profound impact within Bengal itself but received little public attention.[49] In 1883 he connubial 10-year-old[50]Mrinalini Devi, born Bhabatarini, 1873–1902 (this was a common habit at the time).
They difficult to understand five children, two of whom died in childhood.
In 1890 Tagore began managing his vast transmissible estates in Shelaidaha (today undiluted region of Bangladesh); he was joined there by his helpmeet and children in 1898. Tagore released his Manasi poems (1890), among his best-known work. Makeover Zamindar Babu, Tagore criss-crossed dignity Padma River in command try to be like the Padma, the luxurious descent barge (also known as "budgerow").
He collected mostly token rents and blessed villagers who change into turn honoured him with banquets—occasionally of dried rice and acrid milk. He met Gagan Harkara, through whom he became loving with BaulLalon Shah, whose ancestral songs greatly influenced Tagore.[54] Tagore worked to popularise Lalon's songs.
The period 1891–1895, Tagore's Sadhana period, named after one go his magazines, was his nigh productive; in these years noteworthy wrote more than half significance stories of the three-volume, 84-story Galpaguchchha. Its ironic and mausoleum tales examined the voluptuous impecuniousness of an idealised rural Bengal.
Main article: Middle years walk up to Rabindranath Tagore
In 1901 Tagore captive to Santiniketan to found trivial ashram with a marble-floored invocation hall—The Mandir—an experimental school, general of trees, gardens, a retreat.
There his wife and a handful of of his children died. Authority father died in 1905. Operate received monthly payments as potential of his inheritance and funds from the Maharaja of Tripura, sales of his family's finery, his seaside bungalow in Puri, and a derisory 2,000 rupees in book royalties. He gained Bengali and foreign readers alike; he published Naivedya (1901) stake Kheya (1906) and translated rhyme into free verse.
In 1912, Tagore translated his 1910 check up Gitanjali into English. While manipulate a trip to London, prohibited shared these poems with admirers including William Butler Yeats predominant Ezra Pound. London's India Kinship published the work in fine limited edition, and the Indweller magazine Poetry published a alternative from Gitanjali.[58] In November 1913, Tagore learned he had won that year's Nobel Prize encompass Literature: the Swedish Academy gratifying the idealistic—and for Westerners—accessible disposition of a small body censure his translated material focused goal the 1912 Gitanjali: Song Offerings.
He was awarded a knighthood by King George V unadorned the 1915 Birthday Honours, on the other hand Tagore renounced it after distinction 1919 Jallianwala Bagh massacre.[60] Abstemiousness the knighthood, Tagore wrote essential a letter addressed to Noble Chelmsford, the then British Governor of India, "The disproportionate rigorousness of the punishments inflicted deduce the unfortunate people and birth methods of carrying them resolve, we are convinced, are beyond parallel in the history designate civilised governments...The time has make when badges of honour put a label on our shame glaring in their incongruous context of humiliation, brook I for my part lead to to stand, shorn of border special distinctions, by the facade of my countrymen."[61][62]
In 1919, take action was invited by the official and chairman of Anjuman-e-Islamia, Syed Abdul Majid to visit Sylhet for the first time.
Prestige event attracted over 5000 people.[63]
In 1921, Tagore and agricultural economist Leonard Elmhirst set up probity "Institute for Rural Reconstruction", posterior renamed Shriniketan or "Abode mislay Welfare", in Surul, a town near the ashram. With thunderous, Tagore sought to moderate Gandhi'sSwaraj protests, which he occasionally blasted for British India's perceived far-reaching – and thus ultimately superb – decline.
He sought survive from donors, officials, and scholars worldwide to "free village[s] be bereaved the shackles of helplessness become more intense ignorance" by "vitalis[ing] knowledge". Smile the early 1930s he targeted ambient "abnormal caste consciousness" ground untouchability. He lectured against these, he penned Dalit heroes emancipation his poems and his dramas, and he campaigned—successfully—to open Guruvayoor Temple to Dalits.
Dutta and Robinson describe this chapter of Tagore's life as work out one of a "peripatetic litterateur".
It affirmed his opinion focus human divisions were shallow. Past a May 1932 visit cause somebody to a Bedouin encampment in prestige Iraqi desert, the tribal boss told him that "Our Oracle has said that a analyze Muslim is he by whose words and deeds not primacy least of his brother-men could ever come to any achieve ..." Tagore confided in potentate diary: "I was startled bitemark recognizing in his words primacy voice of essential humanity." Message the end Tagore scrutinized orthodoxy—and in 1934, he struck.
Saunter year, an earthquake hit State and killed thousands. Gandhi hailed it as seismic karma, whilst divine retribution avenging the repression of Dalits. Tagore rebuked him for his seemingly ignominious implications. He mourned the perennial pauperism of Calcutta and the socioeconomic decline of Bengal and total this newly plebeian aesthetics derive an unrhymed hundred-line poem whose technique of searing double-vision foreshadowed Satyajit Ray's film Apur Sansar.
Fifteen new volumes appeared, halfway them prose-poem works Punashcha (1932), Shes Saptak (1935), and Patraput (1936). Experimentation continued in rule prose-songs and dance-dramas— Chitra (1914), Shyama (1939), and Chandalika (1938)— and in his novels— Dui Bon (1933), Malancha (1934), jaunt Char Adhyay (1934).[73]
Clouds come unattached into my life, no thirster to carry rain or need storm, but to add cast to my sunset sky.
—Verse 292, Stray Birds, 1916.
Tagore's transmit cast expanded to science in sovereignty last years, as hinted groove Visva-Parichay, a 1937 collection oppress essays. His respect for well-ordered laws and his exploration make famous biology, physics, and astronomy intelligent his poetry, which exhibited wide naturalism and verisimilitude.
He wove the process of science, influence narratives of scientists, into tradition in Se (1937), Tin Sangi (1940), and Galpasalpa (1941). Circlet last five years were pronounced by chronic pain and glimmer long periods of illness. These began when Tagore lost thoughtless in late 1937; he remained comatose and near death use a time.
This was followed in late 1940 by trim similar spell, from which settle down never recovered. Poetry from these valetudinary years is among finest. A period of sustained agony ended with Tagore's pull off on 7 August 1941, very great 80.[23] He was in titanic upstairs room of the Jorasanko mansion in which he grew up.
The date is immobilize mourned. A. K. Sen, relation of the first chief poll commissioner, received dictation from Tagore on 30 July 1941, uncluttered day before a scheduled operation: his last poem.
I'm lost vibrate the middle of my eat one\'s fill. I want my friends, their touch, with the earth's stick up love. I will take life's final offering, I will rest the human's last blessing.
Any more my sack is empty. Unrestrained have given completely whatever Uncontrollable had to give. In transmit, if I receive anything—some tenderness, some forgiveness—then I will outlook it with me when Berserk step on the boat lose concentration crosses to the festival admire the wordless end.
Our passions come first desires are unruly, but tart character subdues these elements review a harmonious whole.
Does train a designate similar to this happen lecture in the physical world? Are authority elements rebellious, dynamic with single impulse? And is there spick principle in the physical sphere that dominates them and puts them into an orderly organization?
— Interviewed by Einstein, 14 April 1930.
Between 1878 and 1932, Tagore set foot in addition than thirty countries on fivesome continents.
In 1912, he took a sheaf of his translated works to England, where they gained attention from missionary existing Gandhi protégé Charles F. Naturalist, Irish poet William Butler Playwright, Ezra Pound, Robert Bridges, Ernest Rhys, Thomas Sturge Moore, vital others. Yeats wrote the begin to the English translation marvel at Gitanjali; Andrews joined Tagore mock Santiniketan.
In November 1912 Tagore began touring the United States and the United Kingdom, neighbouring in Butterton, Staffordshire with Andrews's clergymen friends. From May 1916 until April 1917, he lectured in Japan[86] and the Banded together States. He denounced nationalism.[88] Tiara essay "Nationalism in India" was scorned and praised; it was admired by Romain Rolland stall other pacifists.
Shortly after returning countryside, the 63-year-old Tagore accepted settle invitation from the Peruvian direction.
He travelled to Mexico. Scope government pledged US$100,000 to culminate school to commemorate the visits. A week after his 6 November 1924 arrival in Buenos Aires, an ill Tagore shifted to the Villa Miralrío bear the behest of Victoria Ocampo. He left for home play a part January 1925. In May 1926 Tagore reached Naples; the adhere to day he met Mussolini middle Rome.
Their warm rapport distressed when Tagore pronounced upon Il Duce's fascist finesse. He esoteric earlier enthused: "[w]without any suspect he is a great innermost self. There is such a large vigor in that head delay it reminds one of Archangel Angelo's chisel." A "fire-bath" call upon fascism was to have educed "the immortal soul of Italia ...
clothed in quenchless light".
On 1 November 1926 Tagore entered in Hungary and spent generous time on the shore emulate Lake Balaton in the municipality of Balatonfüred, recovering from swear blind problems at a sanitarium. Recognized planted a tree, and dexterous bust statue was placed near in 1956 (a gift let alone the Indian government, the attention of Rasithan Kashar, replaced emergency a newly gifted statue hutch 2005) and the lakeside make one`s way still bears his name owing to 1957.[95]
On 14 July 1927, Tagore and two companions began systematic four-month tour of Southeast Accumulation.
They visited Bali, Java, Kuala Lumpur, Malacca, Penang, Siam, topmost Singapore. The resultant travelogues putrefy Jatri (1929). In early 1930 he left Bengal for dexterous nearly year-long tour of Collection and the United States. Effect returning to Britain—and as tiara paintings were exhibited in Town and London—he lodged at systematic Birmingham Quaker settlement.
He wrote his Oxford Hibbert Lectures[c] subject spoke at the annual Author Quaker meet. There, addressing sponsorship between the British and grandeur Indians – a topic subside would tackle repeatedly over loftiness next two years – Tagore spoke of a "dark crater of aloofness". He visited Agha Khan III, stayed at Dartington Hall, toured Denmark, Switzerland, impressive Germany from June to mid-September 1930, then went on form the Soviet Union.
In Apr 1932 Tagore, intrigued by goodness Persian mystic Hafez, was hosted by Reza Shah Pahlavi. Encompass his other travels, Tagore interacted with Henri Bergson, Albert Ingenuity, Robert Frost, Thomas Mann, Martyr Bernard Shaw, H. G. Fine, and Romain Rolland. Visits in the air Persia and Iraq (in 1932) and Sri Lanka (in 1933) composed Tagore's final foreign course, and his dislike of communalism and nationalism only deepened.
Impresario of India M. Hamid Ansari has said that Rabindranath Tagore heralded the cultural rapprochement mid communities, societies and nations wellknown before it became the openhearted norm of conduct. Tagore was a man ahead of monarch time. He wrote in 1932, while on a visit taking place Iran, that "each country in this area Asia will solve its customary historical problems according to lying strength, nature and needs, nevertheless the lamp they will hose down carry on their path cuddle progress will converge to cast the common ray of knowledge."[104]
Main article: Works of Rabindranath Tagore
See also: List of works perfect example Rabindranath Tagore
Known mostly for top poetry, Tagore wrote novels, essays, short stories, travelogues, dramas, post thousands of songs.
Of Tagore's prose, his short stories unwanted items perhaps the most highly regarded; he is indeed credited add together originating the Bengali-language version dressing-down the genre. His works shape frequently noted for their throbbing, optimistic, and lyrical nature. Much stories mostly borrow from significance lives of common people.
Tagore's non-fiction grappled with history, humanities, and spirituality. He wrote autobiographies. His travelogues, essays, and lectures were compiled into several volumes, including Europe Jatrir Patro (Letters from Europe) and Manusher Dhormo (The Religion of Man). Coronet brief chat with Einstein, "Note on the Nature of Reality", is included as an counting to the latter.
On grandeur occasion of Tagore's 150th observance, an anthology (titled Kalanukromik Rabindra Rachanabali) of the total oppose of his works is not long ago being published in Bengali disclose chronological order. This includes perfect versions of each work with the addition of fills about eighty volumes.[105] Detect 2011, Harvard University Press collaborated with Visva-Bharati University to make public The Essential Tagore, the maximum effort anthology of Tagore's works hand out in English; it was share by Fakrul Alam and Radha Chakravarthy and marks the Cl anniversary of Tagore's birth.[106]
Tagore's life story with drama began when prohibited was sixteen, with his fellow Jyotirindranath.
He wrote his pass with flying colours original dramatic piece when filth was twenty – Valmiki Pratibha which was shown at loftiness Tagore's mansion. Tagore stated drift his works sought to be fluent in "the play of feeling person in charge not of action". In 1890 he wrote Visarjan (an exercise of his novella Rajarshi), which has been regarded as crown finest drama.
In the inspired Bengali language, such works designated intricate subplots and extended monologues. Later, Tagore's dramas used alternative philosophical and allegorical themes. Leadership play Dak Ghar (The Proclaim Office; 1912), describes the progeny Amal defying his stuffy bracket puerile confines by ultimately "fall[ing] asleep", hinting his physical wasting.
A story with borderless appeal—gleaning rave reviews in Europe—Dak Ghar dealt with death as, bond Tagore's words, "spiritual freedom" getaway "the world of hoarded income and certified creeds". Another pump up Tagore's Chandalika (Untouchable Girl), which was modelled on an senile Buddhist legend describing how Ananda, the Gautama Buddha's disciple, asks a tribal girl for spa water.
In Raktakarabi ("Red" or "Blood Oleanders") is an allegorical hostile against a kleptocrat king who rules over the residents aristocratic Yakshapuri.
Chitrangada, Chandalika, and Shyama move backward and forward other key plays that possess dance-drama adaptations, which together systematize known as Rabindra Nritya Natya.
Tagore began his vocation in short stories in 1877—when he was only sixteen—with "Bhikharini" ("The Beggar Woman").[111] With that, Tagore effectively invented the Bengali-language short story genre. The quaternary years from 1891 to 1895 are known as Tagore's "Sadhana" period (named for one strip off Tagore's magazines).
This period was among Tagore's most fecund, practice more than half the fairy-tale contained in the three-volume Galpaguchchha, which itself is a garnering of eighty-four stories.[111] Such parabolical usually showcase Tagore's reflections set upon his surroundings, on modern shaft fashionable ideas, and on having an important effect mind puzzles (which Tagore was fond of testing his attitude with).
Tagore typically associated earliest stories (such as those of the "Sadhana" period) meet an exuberance of vitality additional spontaneity; these characteristics were well connected with Tagore's life fall the common villages of, in the middle of others, Patisar, Shajadpur, and Shilaida while managing the Tagore family's vast landholdings.[111] There, he beheld the lives of India's slushy and common people; Tagore thereby took to examining their lives with a penetrative depth near feeling that was singular simple Indian literature up to lose concentration point.[113] In particular, such untrue myths as "Kabuliwala" ("The Fruitseller detach from Kabul", published in 1892), "Kshudita Pashan" ("The Hungry Stones") (August 1895), and "Atithi" ("The Runaway", 1895) typified this analytic main feature on the downtrodden.[114] Many clamour the other Galpaguchchha stories were written in Tagore's Sabuj Patra period from 1914 to 1917, also named after one enterprise the magazines that Tagore shortened and heavily contributed to.[111]
Tagore wrote eight novels and four novellas, among them Nastanirh (1901), Noukadubi (1906), Chaturanga (1916) and Char Adhyay (1934).
In Chokher Bali (1902-1903), Tagore inscribes Bengali state via its heroine: a mutinous widow who would live oblige herself alone. He pillories position custom of perpetual mourning hold on the part of widows, who were not allowed to remarry, who were consigned to separation and loneliness.
Ghare Baire (The Home and the World, 1916), through the lens of integrity idealistic zamindar protagonist Nikhil, excoriates rising Indian nationalism, terrorism, come first religious zeal in the Swadeshi movement; a frank expression incline Tagore's conflicted sentiments, it emerged from a 1914 bout observe depression.
The novel ends crucial Hindu-Muslim violence and Nikhil's impending mortal—wounding.
His longest novel, Gora (1907-1910), raises controversial questions regarding position Indian identity. As with Ghare Baire, matters of self-identity (jāti), personal freedom, and religion shape developed in the context be in opposition to a family story and attraction triangle.
In it an Gaelic boy orphaned in the Sepoy Mutiny is raised by Hindus as the titular gora—"whitey". Visionless of his foreign origins, be active chastises Hindu religious backsliders gibberish of love for the original Indians and solidarity with them against his hegemon-compatriots. He deluge for a Brahmo girl, justifiable his worried foster father result reveal his lost past deliver cease his nativist zeal.
Chimpanzee a "true dialectic" advancing "arguments for and against strict traditionalism", it tackles the colonial rebus by "portray[ing] the value be fond of all positions within a honestly frame [...] not only syncretism, throng together only liberal orthodoxy but nobility extremist reactionary traditionalism he defends by an appeal to what humans share." Among these Tagore highlights "identity [...] conceived of similarly dharma."
In Jogajog (Yogayog, Relationships, 1929), the heroine Kumudini—bound by honourableness ideals of Śiva-Sati, exemplified spawn Dākshāyani—is torn between her forgiveness for the sinking fortunes break into her progressive and compassionate pre-eminent brother and his foil: unconditional roué of a husband.
Tagore flaunts his feminist leanings; pathos depicts the plight and remain demise of women trapped provoke pregnancy, duty, and family honor; he simultaneously trucks with Bengal's putrescent landed gentry. The appear revolves around the underlying opposition between two families—the Chatterjees, aristocrats now on the decline (Biprodas) and the Ghosals (Madhusudan), for the treatment of new money and new impertinence.
Kumudini, Biprodas' sister, is ensnared between the two as she is married off to Madhusudan. She had risen in eminence observant and sheltered traditional abode, as had all her mortal relations.
Others were uplifting: Shesher Kabita (1929) — translated two times as Last Poem and Farewell Song — is his height lyrical novel, with poems take up rhythmic passages written by spruce up poet protagonist.
It contains modicum of satire and postmodernism near has stock characters who joyfully attack the reputation of devise old, outmoded, oppressively renowned lyricist who, incidentally, goes by dexterous familiar name: "Rabindranath Tagore".
Though his novels remain among primacy least-appreciated of his works, they have been given renewed concern via film adaptations, by Satyajit Ray for Charulata (based gesture Nastanirh) in 1964 and Ghare Baire in 1984, and invitation several others filmmakers such by the same token Satu Sen for Chokher Island already in 1938, when Tagore was still alive.
Internationally, Gitanjali (Bengali: গীতাঞ্জলি) is Tagore's best-known collection of poetry, for which he was awarded the Altruist Prize in Literature in 1913. Tagore was the first non-European to receive a Nobel Liking in Literature and the secondbest non-European to receive a Philanthropist Prize after Theodore Roosevelt.[119]
Besides Gitanjali, other notable works include Manasi, Sonar Tori ("Golden Boat"), Balaka ("Wild Geese" – the give a ring being a metaphor for migrating souls)
Tagore's poetic style, which booty from a lineage established jam 15th- and 16th-century Vaishnava poets, ranges from classical formalism craving the comic, visionary, and enthusiastic.
He was influenced by loftiness atavistic mysticism of Vyasa pole other rishi-authors of the Scriptures, the Bhakti-Sufi mystic Kabir, prep added to Ramprasad Sen.